powderИзвестия вузов. Порошковая металлургия и функциональные покрытияPowder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings (Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional'nye Pokrytiya)1997-308X2412-8767НИТУ "МИСИС"10.17073/1997-308X-2025-4-40-49powder-1016Research ArticleСамораспространяющийся высокотемпературный синтезSelf-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS)Механизм синтеза ультратугоплавкого карбида Ta4ZrC5 в режиме теплового взрыва с предварительным механическим сплавлением металловMechanism of synthesis of ultra-high temperature Ta4ZrC5 carbide by thermal explosion with preliminary mechanical alloying of metalshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2360-2114ВадченкоС. Г.VadchenkoS. G.

Сергей Георгиевич Вадченко – к.ф.-м.н., вед. науч. сотрудник лаборатории динамики микрогетерогенных процессов

Россия, 142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8

Sergei G. Vadchenko – Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Leading Researcher, Microheterogenic Process Dynamics Laboratoty

8 Akademican Osip’yan Str., Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432, Russia

vadchenko@ism.ac.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1554-0803РогачевА. С.RogachevA. S.

Александр Сергеевич Рогачев – д.ф.-м.н., гл. науч. сотрудник, профессор, зав. лабораторией динамики микрогетерогенных процессов

Россия, 142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8

Aleksander S. Rogachev – Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Professor, Senior Researcher, Head of the Microheterogenic Process Dynamics Laboratoty

8 Akademican Osip’yan Str., Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432, Russia

rogachev@ism.ac.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6147-5753АлымовМ. И.AlymovM. I.

Михаил Иванович Алымов – д.т.н., профессор, чл. корр. РАН, директор

Россия, 142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8

Mikhail I. Alymov – Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Director

8 Akademican Osip’yan Str., Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432, Russia

director@ism.ac.ruИнститут структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения им. А.Г. Мержанова РАНРоссияMerzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2025300820251944049Copyright © НИТУ "МИСИС", 20252025НИТУ "МИСИС"НИТУ "МИСИС"https://powder.misis.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1016

Методом самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза (СВС) в режиме теплового взрыва получен карбид Ta4ZrC5 . Изучен механизм его формирования, включающий процессы в ходе нагрева смесей прекурсоров до температуры воспламенения, протекающие в твердой фазе. Исследовано взаимодействие расплавленных биметаллических частиц состава Ta4Zr с углеродом. Исходные смеси порошков готовили в две стадии. На первой – методом высокоэнергетической механической обработки (ВЭМО) в активаторе АГО-2 в атмосфере аргона происходило механическое сплавление (МС) смеси тантала с цирконием и формировались биметаллические частицы состава Ta4Zr, представляющие собой твердый раствор циркония в тантале. При их нагреве происходило упорядочение твердого раствора и наблюдалось небольшое тепловыделение, зависящее от времени МС. На второй стадии полученный порошок Ta4Zr смешивали с сажей и нагревали до температуры теплового взрыва (900–1250 °C), в результате которого образовывалось соединение Ta4ZrC5 . Впервые для исследования механизма высокотемпературного взаимодействия биметаллических частиц Ta4Zr с углеродом их наносили на подложку из графита и нагревали в вакууме при остаточном давлении 10–3 Па и температуре подложки до 3000 °C. В зависимости от размера частиц наблюдались два режима взаимодействия расплавленных частиц Ta4Zr с подложкой из графита. Частицы размером менее 10 мкм из-за сил поверхностного натяжения при плавлении не растекались по подложке, а, растворяя в себе углерод, в нее погружались. Частицы большего размера растекались по подложке, причем расплав обеднялся цирконием, который более активно взаимодействовал с углеродом.

Tantalum–zirconium carbide Ta4ZrC5 was synthesized by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) in the thermal explosion mode. The mechanism of its formation was investigated, including processes occurring during the heating of precursor mixtures to the ignition temperature, which proceed in the solid phase. The interaction of molten bimetallic Ta4Zr particles with carbon was also studied. The initial powder mixtures were prepared in two stages. In the first stage, high-energy ball milling (HEBM) in an AGO-2 mill under an argon atmosphere was employed to carry out mechanical alloying (MA) of tantalum with zirconium, resulting in the formation of bimetallic Ta4Zr particles representing a solid solution of zirconium in tantalum. Upon heating, ordering of the solid solution occurred, accompanied by a small exothermic effect depending on the MA duration. In the second stage, the obtained Ta4Zr powder was mixed with carbon black and heated to the thermal explosion temperature (900–1250 °C), leading to the formation of Ta4ZrC5 . For the first time, to study the mechanism of high-temperature interaction of Ta4Zr bimetallic particles with carbon, the particles were deposited onto a graphite substrate and heated in vacuum at a residual pressure of 10–3 Pa, with the substrate temperature reaching up to 3000 °C. Depending on particle size, two modes of interaction of molten Ta4Zr particles with the graphite substrate were observed. Particles smaller than 10 μm, due to surface tension forces, did not spread on the substrate upon melting; instead, they absorbed carbon and sank into it. Larger particles spread over the substrate, with the melt being depleted in zirconium, which more actively interacted with carbon.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.