powderИзвестия вузов. Порошковая металлургия и функциональные покрытияPowder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings (Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional'nye Pokrytiya)1997-308X2412-8767НИТУ "МИСИС"10.17073/1997-308X-2025-4-77-90powder-1018Research ArticleМатериалы и покрытия, получаемые методами аддитивных технологийMaterials and coatings fabricated using the additive manufacturing technologiesАддитивное производство изделий с функционально-градиентной структурой по технологии селективного лазерного сплавления. ОбзорAdditive manufacturing of functionally graded products by selective laser melting: A reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-6706БорисовЕ. В.BorisovE. V.

Евгений Владиславович Борисов – к.т.н., вед. науч. сотрудник лаборатории «Синтез новых материалов и конструкций»

Россия, 195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, 29

Evgenii V. Borisov – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Researcher of Laboratory “Synthesis of New Materials and Structures”

29 Politekhnicheskaya Str., St. Petersburg 195251, Russia

evgenii.borisov@icloud.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-3157-3317РепнинА. В.RepninA. V.

Арсений Вячеславович Репнин – инженер лаборатории «Синтез новых материалов и конструкций»

Россия, 195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, 29

Arseniy V. Repnin – Engineer of Laboratory “Synthesis of New Materials and Structures”

29 Politekhnicheskaya Str., St. Petersburg 195251, Russia

repnin_arseniy@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5974-6654ПоповичА. А.PopovichA. A.

Анатолий Анатольевич Попович – д.т.н., профессор, директор Института машиностроения, материалов и транспорта

Россия, 195251, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Политехническая, 29

Anatoliy A. Popovich – Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Director of the Ins­titute of Machinery, Materials, and Transport

29 Politekhnicheskaya Str., St. Petersburg 195251, Russia

popovicha@mail.ruСанкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра ВеликогоРоссияPeter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU)Russian Federation2025300820251947790Copyright © Борисов Е.В., Репнин А.В., Попович А.А., 20252025Борисов Е.В., Репнин А.В., Попович А.А.Borisov E.V., Repnin A.V., Popovich A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1018

Представлен обзор современных достижений в области функционально-градиентного аддитивного производства по технологии селективного лазерного сплавления (СЛС). Рассмотрены основные принципы создания изделий с функционально-градиентной структурой методом СЛС, включая способы формирования градиентного состава и структуры. Описан процесс формирования переходного слоя синтезируемого материала, который является ключевым для обеспечения требуе­мых свойств изделий. Проанализированы методы проектирования и моделирования изделий с функционально-градиент­ной структурой, в том числе с использованием искусственного интеллекта и машинного обучения. Показано, что применение природоподобных принципов строения позволяет создавать изделия с улучшенными механическими, тепловыми и функциональными свойствами. Рассмотрены примеры успешного получения мультиматериальных структур с заданной анизотропией свойств, а также изделий с контролируемым градиентом пористости. Определены перспективные направления применения изделий с функционально-градиентной структурой, включая аэрокосмическую отрасль, медицину, машиностроение и энергетику.

This paper presents a review of recent advances in functionally graded additive manufacturing using selective laser melting (SLM, also referred to as laser powder bed fusion, LPBF). The fundamental principles of producing functionally graded pro­ducts by SLM are discussed, including approaches to forming compositional and structural gradients. Particular attention is given to the formation of the transition layer in the synthesized material, which is crucial for achieving the desired properties of the pro­ducts. Methods of design and numerical modeling of functionally graded structures are analyzed, including the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning. It is demonstrated that applying bio-inspired design principles enables the development of parts with enhanced mechanical, thermal, and functional properties. Examples are provided of successful fabrication of multi-material products with tailored property anisotropy, as well as products with controlled porosity gradients. The promising application areas of functionally graded products are identified, including aerospace, medicine, mechanical engineering, and energy.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.