powderИзвестия вузов. Порошковая металлургия и функциональные покрытияPowder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings (Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional'nye Pokrytiya)1997-308X2412-8767НИТУ "МИСИС"10.17073/1997-308X-2025-4-60-76powder-1023Research ArticleНаноструктурированные материалы и функциональные покрытияNanostructured Materials and Functional CoatingsКомбинированная технология электроискрового и катодно-дугового формирования износо- и жаростойких покрытийCombined technology of electrospark and cathodic-arc formation of wear- and oxidation resistant coatingshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6719-6237МукановС. К.MukanovS. K.

Самат Куандыкович Муканов – к.т.н., науч. сотрудник научно-учебного центра (НУЦ) СВС, МИСИС–ИСМАН

Россия, 119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1

Samat K. Mukanov – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Research Scientist of the Scien­tific Educational Center of Self–Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS-Center) of MISIS–ISMAN

1 Bld, 4 Leninskiy Prosp., Moscow 119049, Russia

smukanov@misis.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1736-8050ПетржикМ. И.PetrzhikM. I.

Михаил Иванович Петржик – д.т.н., профессор кафедры порошковой металлургии и функциональных покрытий (ПМиФП); вед. науч. сотрудник НУЦ СВС, МИСИС–ИСМАН

Россия, 119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1

Mikhail I. Petrzhik – Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor of Department at Powder Metallurgy and Functional Coatings (PM&FC), NUST MISIS; Leading Research Scientist of the SHS-Center, MISIS–ISMAN

1 Bld, 4 Leninskiy Prosp., Moscow 119049, Russia

petrzhik@shs.misis.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6222-4497КудряшовА. Е.KudryashovA. E.

Александр Евгеньевич Кудряшов – к.т.н., вед. науч. сотрудник НУЦ СВС, МИСИС–ИСМАН

Россия, 119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1

Alexander E. Kudryashov – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Research Scien­tist of the SHS-Center, MISIS–ISMAN

1 Bld, 4 Leninskiy Prosp., Moscow 119049, Russia

aekudr@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2505-2918ЛогиновП. А.LoginovP. A.

Павел Александрович Логинов – д.т.н., ст. преподаватель кафедры ПМиФП, НИТУ МИСИС; ст. науч. сотрудник НУЦ СВС, МИСИС–ИСМАН

Россия, 119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1

Pavel A. Loginov – Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Lecturer of the Department of PM&FC, NUST MISIS; Senior Research Scientist of SHS-Center, MISIS–ISMAN

1 Bld, 4 Leninskiy Prosp., Moscow 119049, Russia

pavel.loginov.misis@list.ruШвындинаН. В.ShvyndinaN. V.

Наталия Владимировна Швындина – вед. инженер НУЦ СВС, МИСИС–ИСМАН

Россия, 119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1

Nataliya V. Shvyndina – Leading Engineer of SHS-Center, MISIS–ISMAN

1 Bld, 4 Leninskiy Prosp., Moscow 119049, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-515XШевейкоА. Н.SheveykoA. N.

Александр Николаевич Шевейко – науч. сотрудник НУЦ СВС, МИСИС–ИСМАН

Россия, 119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1

Aleksandr N. Sheveyko – Research Scientist of the SHS-Center, MISIS–ISMAN

1 Bld, 4 Leninskiy Prosp., Moscow 119049, Russia

sheveyko@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2585-0733КупцовК. А.KuptsovK. A.

Константин Александрович Купцов – к.т.н., ст. науч. сотрудник НУЦ СВС, МИСИС–ИСМАН

Россия, 119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1

Konstantin A. Kuptsov – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Research Scientist of the SHS-Center, MISIS–ISMAN

1 Bld, 4 Leninskiy Prosp., Moscow 119049, Russia

kuptsov.k@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-0013ЛевашовЕ. А.LevashovE. A.

Евгений Александрович Левашов – д.т.н., чл.-корр. РАН, профессор, зав. кафедрой ПМиФП, НИТУ МИСИС; директор НУЦ СВС МИСИС–ИСМАН

Россия, 119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1

Evgeny A. Levashov – Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS, Head of the Department PM&FС, NUST MISIS; Head of SHS-Center, MISIS–ISMAN

1 Bld, 4 Leninskiy Prosp., Moscow 119049, Russia

levashov@shs.misis.ruНациональный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСИС»РоссияNational University of Science and Technology “MISIS”Russian Federation2025300820251946076Copyright © НИТУ "МИСИС", 20252025НИТУ "МИСИС"НИТУ "МИСИС"https://powder.misis.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1023

Изучены закономерности формирования стойких к износу и окислению покрытий при комбинированной электроискровой и катодно-дуговой обработке (ЭИКДО) жаропрочного сплава АЖК. Исследовано влияние полярности стержневых электродов на основе Al–Ca и их микролегирования РЗМ (Ce, Er) на структуру, упрочнение и жаростойкость полученных покрытий. Установлено, что при подключении электрода с анодной полярностью формируются покрытия без трещин на основе интерметаллида γ′-Ni3Al (тип L12 , 3,600 Å). Их толщина достигает 15–20 мкм в результате направленного роста кристаллитов с поперечным размером менее 300 нм. При подключении к электроду катодной полярности формируются покрытия, в структуре которых найдены зерна двух интерметаллидов: β-NiAl (тип B2, 2,895 Å) и γ′-Ni3Al (тип L12 , 3,595 Å). Структурно-фазовые превращения, происходящие при обработке электродами с разной полярностью подложки из АЖК с твердостью 5,2 ГПа, являются доминирующими факторами упрочнения. Максимальное значение твердости (12,3 ГПа) зафиксировано в покрытиях, состоящих из β-NiAl и γ′-Ni3Al. При анодной полярности электрода твердость покрытий составляет 7,3 ГПа, и при этом они имеют низкие (112 ГПа) значения модуля упругости. Величина приведенного износа покрытий находится в пределах от 6,0·10–5 до 7,5·10–5 мм3/(Н·м), что в 6 раз меньше, чем у необработанного сплава АЖК. При in-situ ПЭМ-исследовании установлена превосходная термическая стабильность интерметаллидной структуры γ′-Ni3Al при нагреве до t = 700 °C ламели, вырезанной из покрытия, полученного при анодном режиме обработки. Результаты испытаний на стойкость к высокотемпературному окислению при t = 1000 °С свидетельствуют, что покрытия меняют закон окисления сплава АЖК с линейного на логарифмический. Минимальная толщина оксидного слоя (около 3 мкм) установлена у покрытий, полученных при ЭИКДО электродом Al–Ca–Er с анодной полярностью, что в 10 раз меньше таковой для сплава АЖК. Переход к логарифмическому закону окисления обусловлен замедлением диффузии кислорода через образующийся при отжиге барьерный слой NiAl2O4/α-Al2O3 , упрочненный частицами CaMoO4 , что обеспечивает превосходную стойкость к окислению сплава АЖК.

The regularities of formation of wear- and oxidation-resistant coating under combined electrospark and cathodic-arc treatment (ESCAT) of AZhK superalloy were studied. The effect of electrode polarity and rare-earth (Ce, Er) microalloying of Al–Ca-based rod electrodes on the structure, strengthening and oxidation resistance of the deposited coatings was studied. It was found that anodic polarity secures the formation of crack-free coatings predominantly composed of γ′-Ni3Al intermetallic (L12-type structure, 3.600 Å). These coa­tings reached a thickness of 15–20 μm due to the oriented growth of crystallites with a transverse size below 300 nm. In contrast, the coa­tings formed at cathodic polarity have consisted of two intermetallic phases: β-NiAl (B2 structure, 2.895 Å) and γ′-Ni3Al (L12 , 3.595 Å). Structural and phase transformations occurring during the treatment of a AZhK substrate (initial hardness of 5.2 GPa) using electrodes of different polarities constitute the dominant strengthening factors. The maximum hardness (12.3 GPa) was recorded for coatings composed of β-NiAl and γ′-Ni3Al phases. Coatings obtained with anodic electrode polarity exhibited relatively lower hardness values (7.3 GPa) accompanied by low elastic modulus values (112 GPa). The wear rate of these coatings ranged from 6 to 7.5·10–5 mm3/(N·m), representing a sixfold improvement of wear resistance compared to the untreated AZhK alloy. In-situ TEM studies revealed excellent thermal stability of the γ′-Ni3Al intermetallic structure upon heating the coating lamellae cut of the coating obtained under anodic polarity up to 700 °C. Results of high-temperature oxidation tests at 1000 °C indicate that the coating the AZhK alloy change the oxidation law from linear to logarithmic one. The minimum thickness of the oxide layer (about 3 μm) was found in the coatings obtained by ESCAT using Al–Ca–Er electrode with anodic polarity. That is 10 times less than the thickness of the oxide layer of AZhK alloy. The change of oxidation law during annealing to the logarithmic one is due to in-situ formed the NiAl2O4/α-Al2O3 barrier layer strengthened with CaMoO4 particles. It slowing down of oxygen diffusion in bulk of substrate providing its excellent oxidation resistance.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.