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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">powder</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Порошковая металлургия и функциональные покрытия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Powder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings (Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional'nye Pokrytiya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-308X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8767</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ "МИСИС"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/1997-308X.2025.568P.1052</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">powder-1052</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Тугоплавкие, керамические и композиционные материалы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Refractory, Ceramic, and Composite Materials</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные легирующие добавки и связующие фазы для улучшения эксплуатационных свойств твердых сплавов на основе WC. Обзор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern alloying additions and binder phases for enhancing the performance of WC-based  cemented carbides. A review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5207-4015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисов</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisov</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Владимирович Денисов – магистр кафедры функциональных систем и высокотемпературных материалов Института новых материалов</p><p>119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg V. Denisov – Master’s Student, Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, Institute of New Materials</p><p>1 Bld, 4 Leninskiy Prosp., Moscow 119049, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denisov8428@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6119-3331</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полушин</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polushin</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Иванович Полушин – к.т.н., доцент кафедры функциональных наносистем и высокотемпературных материалов Института новых материалов</p><p>119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay I. Polushin – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, Institute of New Materials</p><p>1 Bld, 4 Leninskiy Prosp., Moscow 119049, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polushin@misis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСИС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Денисов О.В., Полушин Н.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Денисов О.В., Полушин Н.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Denisov O.V., Polushin N.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1052">https://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1052</self-uri><abstract><p>Классические системы легирования были разработаны в 1920–1930-х годах в Германии: WC–Co (Osram), WC–TiC–Co и WC–TiC–TaC–Co (Krupp AG). В СССР аналогичные материалы были созданы и стандартизованы как сплавы групп ВК, ТК и ТТК и нашли широкое применение в режущем, буровом, штамповом и износостойком инструментах. С тех пор во всем мире опубликовано около 36 000 научных работ, посвященных повышению свойств твердых сплавов. Разработано множество систем легирования, направленных на улучшение эксплуатационных характеристик при одновременном снижении материалоемкости и себестоимости. Существует явная тенденция к проектированию и использованию многокомпонентных твердых сплавов. Актуальность работы обусловлена необходимостью разработки новых связующих фаз (связок) и легирующих добавок, обеспечивающих увеличение прочности, коррозионной стойкости и структурной однородности при работе в тяжелых условиях. Учитывая прогнозируемый рост производства твердых сплавов и ужесточение эксплуатацион­ных требований, представляют практический интерес подходы, направленные на снижение содержания дорого­стоящего кобальта при сохранении прежнего уровня свойств. В частности, используют связки на основе Ni и Fe, а также легирование элементами Cr, Mo, Mn, Al, B. Кроме того, применяют карбидные ингибиторы роста зерна, оксидные и редкоземельные нанодобавки и многоэлементные связующие твердые растворы. Рассмотрены механизмы влияния различных легирующих компонентов на морфологию зерен WC и свойства связок. Практически во всех случаях добавки увеличивают твердость, замедляют рост зерен WC в процессе спекания и улучшают некоторые другие свойства. Обзор показывает перспективность обобщения и сопоставления данных о влиянии легирующих элементов и технологий упрочнения связки при проектировании твердых сплавов нового поколения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Classical alloying systems were developed in Germany in the 1920s–1930s: WC–Co (Osram), WC–TiC–Co, and WC–TiC–TaC–Co (Krupp AG). In the USSR, analogous materials were developed and standardized as the VK, TK, and TTK grade groups and found widespread application in cutting, drilling, stamping, and wear-resistant tooling. Since then, approximately 36,000 scientific papers aimed at improving the properties of cemented carbides have been published worldwide. Numerous alloying systems have been developed to enhance service performance while simultaneously reducing material consumption and production costs. There is a clear trend toward the design and application of multicomponent cemented carbides. This review is motivated by the need to develop new binder phases and alloying additions that increase strength, corrosion resistance, and microstructural uniformity under severe operating conditions. Given the projected growth in cemented carbide production and increasingly stringent service requirements, approaches aimed at reducing the content of costly cobalt while maintaining the current level of performance are of practical interest. To decrease the cobalt content without compromising the overall property set, Ni- and Fe-based binders are employed together with alloying additions of Cr, Mo, Mn, Al, and B. In addition, carbide grain-growth inhibitors, nanoscale oxide and rare-earth additives, and multicomponent binder solid solutions are used. The mechanisms by which various alloying components affect WC grain morphology and binder properties are discussed. In nearly all cases, the additions increase hardness, inhibit WC grain growth during sintering, and improve certain other properties. The review highlights the importance of consolidating and comparing data on the effects of alloying elements and binder-strengthening routes in the design of next-generation cemented carbides.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>твердый сплав</kwd><kwd>карбид вольфрама (WC)</kwd><kwd>связующая фаза</kwd><kwd>карбидная фаза</kwd><kwd>вторичные карбиды</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы роста зерна</kwd><kwd>резание металлов</kwd><kwd>жидкофазное спекание</kwd><kwd>износостойкость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cemented carbide</kwd><kwd>tungsten carbide (WC)</kwd><kwd>binder phase</kwd><kwd>carbide phase</kwd><kwd>secondary carbides</kwd><kwd>grain-growth inhibitors</kwd><kwd>metal cutting</kwd><kwd>liquid-phase sintering</kwd><kwd>wear resistance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International tungsten industry association (ITIA). 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