powderИзвестия вузов. Порошковая металлургия и функциональные покрытияPowder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings (Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional'nye Pokrytiya)1997-308X2412-8767НИТУ "МИСИС"10.17073/1997-308X.2026.589P.1088powder-1088Research ArticleСамораспространяющийся высокотемпературный синтезSelf-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS)Центробежная СВС-металлургия высокоэнтропийных сплавов на основе системы Nb–Ta–Hf, легированных Cr, V, Zr, Ti, Ce + La, Gd, и получение композитов на их основе, армированных оксидным волокномCentrifugal SHS metallurgy of Nb–Ta–Hf-based high-entropy alloys alloyed with Cr, V, Zr, Ti, Ce + La, and Gd, and fabrication of oxide-fiber-reinforced composites with these alloyshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8402-4605СанинВ. Н.SaninV. N.

Владимир Николаевич Санин – д.т.н., гл. науч. сотрудник лаборатории жидкофазных СВС-процессов и литых материалов

Россия, 142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8

Vladimir N. Sanin – Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Liquid-Phase SHS Processes and Cast Materials

8 Academician Osip’yan Str., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia

i@sanin-vn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8082-4442ИкорниковД. М.IkornikovD. M.

Денис Михайлович Икорников – инженер-исследователь, мл. науч. сотрудник лаборатории жидкофазных СВС-процессов и литых материалов

Россия, 142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8

Denis M. Ikornikov – Research Engineer and Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Liquid-Phase SHS Processes and Cast Materials

8 Academician Osip’yan Str., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia

denis-ikornikov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-7292-5887СиваковаА. О.SivakovaA. O.

Алина Олеговна Сивакова – аспирант, мл. науч. сотрудник лаборатории физического материаловедения

Россия, 142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8

Alina O. Sivakova – Postgraduate Student and Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Physical Materials Science

8 Academician Osip’yan Str., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia

sivakovaalina@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8285-5656КовалевД. Ю.KovalevD. Yu.

Дмитрий Юрьевич Ковалев – д.ф-м.н., заведующий лабораторией рентгеноструктурных исследований, гл. науч. сотрудник

Россия, 142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8

Dmitry Yu. Kovalev – Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Head of the Laboratory of X-ray Diffraction Analysis and Chief Researcher

8 Academician Osip’yan Str., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia

kovalev@ism.ac.ruПановаМ. Д.PanovaM. D.

Милена Денисовна Панова – мл. науч. сотрудник лаборатории металлургических процессов

Россия, 111524, г. Москва, ул. Электродная, 2

Milena D. Panova – Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Metallurgical Processes

2 Elektrodnaya Str., Moscow 111524, Russia

MDPanova@rosatom.ruБабкинС. Б.BabkinS. B.

Сергей Борисович Бабкин – вед. инженер лаборатории спект­роскопии дефектных структур Института физики твердого тела им. Ю.А. Осипьяна (ИФТТ) РАН

Россия, 142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8

Россия, 142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 2

Sergei B. Babkin – Leading Engineer, Laboratory of Defect Structure Spectroscopy

8 Academician Osip’yan Str., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia

2 Academician Osip’yan Str., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia

babkinserboris@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3707-4647МилейкоС. Т.MileikoS. T.

Сергей Тихонович Милейко – д.т.н., гл. науч. сотрудник лаборатории спектроскопии дефектных структур ИФТТ РАН

Россия, 142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8

Россия, 142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 2

Sergei T. Mileiko – Dr. Sci. (Eng.)., Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Defect Structure Spectroscopy

8 Academician Osip’yan Str., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia

2 Academician Osip’yan Str., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia

mileiko@issp.ac.ruИнститут структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения им. А.Г. Мержанова РАНРоссияMerzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationАО «Государственный научно-исследовательский и проектный институт редкометаллической промышленности «Гиредмет» им. Н.П. Сажина»РоссияN.P. Sazhin State Research and Design Institute of the Rare-Metal Industry (Giredmet), JSCRussian FederationИнститут структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения им. А.Г. Мержанова РАН; Институт физики твердого тела им. Ю.А. Осипьяна РАНРоссияMerzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Yu.A. Osip’yan Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2026161020262034866Copyright © Санин В.Н., Икорников Д.М., Сивакова А.О., Ковалев Д.Ю., Панова М.Д., Бабкин С.Б., Милейко С.Т., 20262026Санин В.Н., Икорников Д.М., Сивакова А.О., Ковалев Д.Ю., Панова М.Д., Бабкин С.Б., Милейко С.Т.Sanin V.N., Ikornikov D.M., Sivakova A.O., Kovalev D.Y., Panova M.D., Babkin S.B., Mileiko S.T.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1088

В последние годы семейство высокоэнтропийных сплавов (ВЭС) является объектом повышенного интереса исследователей. Среди них особое место занимают тугоплавкие (жаропрочные) высокотемпературные сплавы (ТВЭС) (англ. RHEAs – refractory high-entropy alloys), состоящие преимущественно из элементов с высокой температурой плавления (Nb, Mo, Ta, W, Re, Hf и др). Такие сплавы рассматриваются с прицелом на применение в авиа­ционной и аэрокосмической отраслях промышленности для работы в условиях воздействия высоких температур (свыше 1100 °С). Основными недостатками разрабатываемых составов ТВЭС на основе тугоплавких элементов являются очень высокий удельный вес (более 10 г/см3), низкая окислительная стойкость и относительно низкие показатели длительной прочности, что неприемлемо для таких материалов. Один из эффективных путей повышения требуемых показателей – упрочнение ТВЭС оксидными волокнами. В рамках настоящей работы впервые были получены и исследованы высоко­температурные композиты в сочетании оксидного волокна эвтектического состава Al2O3–Al5Y3O12 с ТВЭС на основе базовой системы тугоплавких металлов Nb–Ta–Hf, легированными 3d-металлами (Cr, V, Ti, Zr). Интегральная технология получения нового класса высокотемпературных композитов ТВЭС/оксидное волокно включала синтез методами центробежной СВС-металлургии новых сплавов на основе базовой системы Nb–Ta–Hf, легированных 3d-металлами (Cr, V, Zr, Ti), и формирование пилотных образцов композитов методами горячего прессования с упорядоченной структурой волокна и его долей от 0 до 40 об. % в составе композита. Синтезированные ТВЭС были испытаны в условиях окислительного отжига, а полученные композиты с различным содержанием волокна – на высокотемпературную прочность (трех­точечный изгиб). Синтез ТВЭС проводился с использованием метода центробежной СВС-металлургии – одного из технологических направлений в области самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза (СВС), а также СВС-систем термитного типа, содержащих порошкообразные оксиды целевых элементов. Показано, что основной фазой синтезированных сплавов является твердый раствор, имеющий ОЦК кристаллическую структуру, при этом общий фазовый состав образцов зависит от содержания в исходной смеси других легирующих элементов. Введение в сплав элементов 4-й группы (Ti, Zr, Hf), 5-й группы (V) и 6-й группы (Cr), а также редкоземельных элементов (Ce + La, Gd) приводит к образованию фаз твердых растворов, имеющих другой структурный тип. При изучении окислительной стойкости полученных материалов установлено, что состав S2-3 (Nb45Ta20Hf15Ti15Cr5 ) наиболее перспективен для дальнейшего исследования и, в сравнении с предлагаемыми составами других авторов, имеет хорошие показатели по жаростойкости, что делает его конкурентоспособным для высокотемпературного применения. Высокотемпературные испытания при температуре 1300 °С выявили, что при увеличении содержания волокна в составе композита в интервале 0–25 об. % прочность при испытании на 3-точечный изгиб повышается в 4,5 раза, достигая 163 МПа.

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted considerable research interest. Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs), composed primarily of high-melting-point elements (Nb, Mo, Ta, W, Re, Hf, etc.), are of particular interest. These alloys are considered promising for aviation and aerospace applications at temperatures above 1100 °C. The principal disadvantages of refractory-element-based RHEAs are their very high density (more than 10 g/cm3), poor oxidation resistance, and relatively low creep strength, which limit their suitability for these applications. Oxide-fiber reinforcement is a promising approach to improving these properties. In this study, for the first time, high-temperature composites combining eutectic Al2O3–Al5Y3O12 oxide fibers with Nb–Ta–Hf-based RHEAs containing transition metals (Cr, V, Ti, and Zr) were produced and investigated. The integrated process comprised the synthesis of novel Nb–Ta–Hf-based alloys containing Cr, V, Zr, and Ti by centrifugal SHS metallurgy, followed by hot pressing to fabricate prototype composites with aligned fibers at volume fractions of 0–40 vol. %. The synthesized RHEAs were subjected to oxidation annealing, and the composites with different fiber contents were tested for high-temperature flexural strength by three-point bending. The RHEAs were synthesized by centrifugal SHS metallurgy, a branch of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), using thermite-type SHS mixtures containing powdered oxides of the target elements. The main phase in the synthesized alloys was a body-centered cubic (BCC) solid solution, whereas the  overall phase composition depended on the other alloying elements in the starting mixture. Alloying with Group 4 elements (Ti, Zr, Hf), Group 5 (V), Group 6 (Cr), and rare-earth elements (Ce + La and Gd) promoted the formation of solid-solution phases with different crystal structures. Oxidation-resistance tests identified composition S2-3 (Nb45Ta20Hf15Ti15Cr5 ) as the most promi­sing for further study. Compared with compositions reported by other authors, it exhibited good oxidation resistance, making it competitive for high-temperature applications. At 1300 °C, increasing the fiber content from 0 to 25 vol. % increased the three-point flexural strength by a factor of 4.5 to 163 MPa.

самораспространяющийся высокотемпературный синтез (СВС)центробежная СВС-металлургиятугоплавкие высокоэнтропийные сплавы (ТВЭС)сплавы на основе тугоплавких металловкомпозиты с металлической матрицейкомпозиты оксидное волокно/ТВЭСокислительная стойкость ТВЭСвысокотемпературная прочность.self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS)centrifugal SHS metallurgyrefractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs)refractory-metal-based alloysmetal-matrix compositesoxide fiber/RHEA compositesRHEA oxidation resistancehigh-temperature strengthРабота выполнена за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-13-00065, https://rscf.ru/project/24-13-00065/The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 24-13-00065, https://rscf.ru/project/24-13-00065/ReferencesCantor B., Chang I.T.H., Knight P., Vincent A.J.B. Microstructural development in equiatomic multicomponent alloys. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.