powderИзвестия вузов. Порошковая металлургия и функциональные покрытияPowder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings (Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional'nye Pokrytiya)1997-308X2412-8767НИТУ "МИСИС"10.17073/1997-308X-2026-2-40-47powder-1122Research ArticleТугоплавкие, керамические и композиционные материалыRefractory, Ceramic, and Composite MaterialsСинтез высокоэнтропийной керамики (Y0,2Yb0,2Lu0,2Eu0,2Er0,2)3Al5O12 в пучке быстрых электроновSynthesis of high-entropy (Y0.2Yb0.2Lu0.2Eu0.2Er0.2)3Al5O12 ceramics using a fast electron beamhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2524-9238ГынгазовС. А.GhyngazovS. A.

Сергей Анатольевич Гынгазов – д.т.н., проф. вед. науч. сот­рудник проблемной научно-исследовательской лаборатории электроники, диэлектриков и полупроводников Исследовательской школы физики высокоэнергетических процессов

Россия, 634050, г. Томск, пр-т Ленина, 30

Sergey A. Gyngazov – Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Leading Research Scientist,  Research Laboratory for Electronics, Semiconductors and Dielectrics, Research School of High-Energy Physics

30 Lenin Prosp., Tomsk 634050, Russia

ghyngazov@tpu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4077-7012ВасильевИ. П.Vasil’evI. P.

Иван Петрович Васильев – к.т.н., науч. сотрудник проблемной научно-исследовательской лаборатории электроники, диэлект­риков и полупроводников Исследовательской школы физики высокоэнергертических процессов

Россия, 634050, г. Томск, пр-т Ленина, 30

Ivan P. Vasil’ev – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Research Scientist, Research Laboratory for Electronics, Semiconductors and Dielectrics, Research School of High-Energy Physics

30 Lenin Prosp., Tomsk 634050, Russia

zarkvon@tpu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8128-9042БолтуеваВ. А.BoltuevaV. A.

Валерия Александровна Болтуева – к.т.н., мл. науч. сотрудник проблемной научно-исследовательской лаборатории электроники, диэлектриков и полупроводников Исследовательской школы физики высокоэнергертических процессов

Россия, 634050, г. Томск, пр-т Ленина, 30

Valeria A. Boltueva – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Junior Research Scientist, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Semiconductors and Dielectrics, Research School of High-Energy Physics

30 Lenin Prosp., Tomsk 634050, Russia

kostenko@tpu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0569-3291КривобоковВ. П.KrivobokovV. P.

Валерий Павлович Кривобоков – д.ф.-м.н., проф., руководитель Научно-образовательного центра Б.П. Вейнберга НИТПУ, зав. лабораторией радиационных и плазменных технологий

Россия, 634050, г. Томск, пр-т Ленина, 30

Valery P. Krivobokov – Dr. Sci. (Phys.- Math.), Professor, Head of the Weinberg Research Center, TPU; Head of the Laboratory of Radiation and Plasma Technologies

30 Lenin Prosp., Tomsk 634050, Russia

krivobokov@tpu.ruНациональный исследовательский Томский политехнический университетРоссияNational Reserch Tomsk Polytechnic UniversityRussian Federation2026050720262024047Copyright © НИТУ "МИСИС", 20262026НИТУ "МИСИС"НИТУ "МИСИС"https://powder.misis.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1122

При получении высокоэнтропийной керамики для использования в термобарьерных покрытиях ставится цель улучшения их эксплуатационных свойств, в частности увеличение температуры эксплуатации. Синтез высокоэнтропийной керамики является длительным процессом. В настоящей работе задача уменьшения временных затрат на синтез решается за счет применения нетрадиционного метода обработки керамических материалов мощным пучком высокоэнергетических электронов (быстрых электронов). Нагрев порошковой смеси исходных реагентов (Y2O3 , Yb2O3 , Lu2O3 , Eu2O3 , Er2O3 , Al2O3 ) быстрыми электронами с энергией 1,4 МэВ проводили на воздухе при различных значениях тока электронного пучка. Скорость перемещения кюветы с порошковой смесью под пучком составляла 1 см/с. Сам пучок сканировали по ширине внутреннего объема кюветы. Общее время нахождения кюветы под пучком – 10 с. Установлено, что при токе ≥4 мА в облучаемой порошковой массе образуются капли расплава. Их доля по отношению к нерасплавленному порошку возрастает по мере повышения величины тока. В каплях расплава во время охлаждения происходят процессы кристаллизации. Синтезированный каплевидный керамический продукт имеет высокую пористость вследствие активного газовыделения адсорбированных газов в расплаве. СЭМ-изображения и ЭДС-карты показали равномерное распределение исходных элементов по объему каплевидного керамического продукта. Согласно РФА, материал синтезированной керамики представляет из себя высокоэнтропийную керамику (Y0,2Yb0,2Lu0,2Eu0,2Er0,2 )3Al5O12 . Порошок, не участвовавший в образовании каплевидного продукта, является промежуточным продуктом, содержащим гранаты Er3Al5O12 , Y3Al5O12 и оксиды Er2O3 , Yb2O3 , Y2O3 , Eu2O3 , Lu2O3 , Al2O3 .

High-entropy ceramics intended for thermal barrier coatings are developed to improve their performance properties, particularly by increasing their operating temperature. However, conventional synthesis of high-entropy ceramics is time-consuming. This study explores a nonconventional approach to reducing synthesis time by processing ceramic materials with a high-power beam of high-energy electrons (fast electrons). A powder mixture of the initial reactants Y2O3 , Yb2O3 , Lu2O3 , Eu2O3 , Er2O3 , and Al2O3 was heated in air using 1.4 MeV electrons at different electron-beam currents. The cuvette containing the powder mixture was moved beneath the beam at 1 cm/s, while the beam was scanned across the width of the  internal volume of the cuvette. The total irradiation time was 10 s. At beam currents of 4 mA or higher, melt droplets formed within the irradiated powder mass, and their proportion relative to the unmelted powder increased with increasing current. Crystallization occured in the melt droplets during cooling. The resulted droplet-shaped ceramic product was highly porous because of the intense release of adsorbed gases from the melt. SEM images and EDS elemental maps relealed a uniform distribution of the constituent elements throughout the droplet-shaped ceramic product. XRD analysis identified the synthesized material as high-entropy (Y0.2Yb0.2Lu0.2Eu0.2Er0.2 )3Al5O12 ceramic. The powder that did not contribute to the formation of the droplet-shaped product was an intermediate product containing Er3Al5O12 and Y3Al5O12 garnets, together with Er2O3 , Yb2O3 , Y2O3 , Eu2O3 , Lu2O3 , Al2O3 oxides.

высокоэнтропийная керамикасинтезмощный электронный пучокhigh-entropy ceramicssynthesishigh-power electron beamРабота выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 23-79-00014).The work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 23-79-00014).ReferencesGarvie R.C., Hannink R.H., Pascoe R.T. Ceramic steel? Nature. 1975;258:703–704.Garvie R.C., Hannink R.H., Pascoe R.T. Ceramic steel? Nature. 1975;258:703–704.Shaisundaram V.S., Balambica V., Kumar D.S., Nithish S., Chandrasekaran M., Shanmugam M., Likassa D.M. Optimization of dual coating using electroless Ni–P–Nano-TiO2 and plasma yttria-stabilized zirconia on piston crown and cylinder liner in Cl engine. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2022;4934926. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4934926Shaisundaram V.S., Balambica V., Kumar D.S., Nithish S., Chandrasekaran M., Shanmugam M., Likassa D.M. Optimization of dual coating using electroless Ni–P–Nano–TiO2 and plasma yttria-stabilized zirconia on piston crown and cylinder liner in Cl engine. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2022;4934926. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4934926Xie Z.L., Li C., Zhang H.X., Yang G.J., Chen L. Durable GdTaO4/YSZ double-ceramic-layer thermal barrier coa­tings against ultrahigh-temperature thermal shock. Cera­mics International. 2025;51(19):29781–29791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.04.181Xie Z.L., Li C., Zhang H.X., Yang G.J., Chen L. Durable GdTaO4/YSZ double-ceramic-layer thermal barrier coatings against ultrahigh-temperature thermal shock. Cera­mics International. 2025;51(19):29781–29791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.04.181Spitsberg I., Steibel J. Thermal and environmental barrier coatings for SiC/SiC CMCs in aircraft engine applications. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Techno­logy. 2004;1(4):291–301. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7402.2004.tb00181.xSpitsberg I., Steibel J. Thermal and environmental barrier coatings for SiC/SiC CMCs in aircraft engine applications. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology. 2004;1(4):291–301. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7402.2004.tb00181.xLevi C.G. Emerging materials and processes for thermal barrier systems. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science. 2004;8(1):77–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2004.03.009Levi C.G. Emerging materials and processes for thermal barrier systems. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science. 2004;8(1):77–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2004.03.009Schafrik R.E., Sprague R. Saga of gas turbine mate­rials. Part I. Advanced Materials and Processes. 2004;162:33–36.Schafrik R.E., Sprague R. Saga of gas turbine mate­rials. Part I. Advanced Materials and Processes. 2004; 162:33–36.Liu Z., Xiao Y., Yang L., Liu W., Yan G., Sun Y., Zhou Y. Failure prediction of thermal barrier coatings on turbine blades under calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate corrosion and thermal shock. Acta Mechanica Sinica. 2025;41(5): 424285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-024-24285-xLiu Z., Xiao Y., Yang L., Liu W., Yan G., Sun Y., Zhou Y. Failure prediction of thermal barrier coatings on turbine blades under calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate corrosion and thermal shock. Acta Mechanica Sinica. 2025;41(5):424285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-024-24285-xLiu T. , Qiu Y., Liu Y., Liu Z., Deng Z., Guo Z., Wang F., Liu Y. , Yu C., Wang S., Wang X. Fabrication and cha­racterization of multilayer YSZ thermal barrier coating by detonation spraying and atmospheric plasma spraying. Cera­mics International. 2025;51(20):30525–30536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.04.246Liu T. , Qiu Y., Liu Y., Liu Z., Deng Z., Guo Z., Wang F., Liu Y. , Yu C., Wang S., Wang X. Fabrication and characterization of multilayer YSZ thermal barrier coating by detonation spraying and atmospheric plasma spraying. Cera­mics International. 2025;51(20):30525–30536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.04.246Wu J., Guo H., Gao Y., Gong S. Microstructure and thermo-physical properties of yttria stabilized zirconia coa­tings with CMAS deposits. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2011;31(10):1881–1888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.04.006Wu J., Guo H., Gao Y., Gong S. Microstructure and thermo-physical properties of yttria stabilized zirconia coatings with CMAS deposits. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2011;31(10):1881–1888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.04.006Alin M., Kozlovskiy A.L., Zdorovets M.V., Uglov V.V. Study of the mechanisms of the t-ZrO2 → c-ZrO2 type polymorphic transformations in ceramics as a result of irradiation with heavy Xe22+ ions. Solid State Sciences. 2022;123:106791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2021.106791Alin M., Kozlovskiy A.L., Zdorovets M.V., Uglov V.V. Study of the mechanisms of the t-ZrO2 → c-ZrO2 type polymorphic transformations in ceramics as a result of irradiation with heavy Xe22+ ions. Solid State Sciences. 2022;123:106791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2021.106791Li W., Huang H., Li H., Zhang W., Liu H. Facile synthesis of pure monoclinic and tetragonal zirconia nanoparticles and their phase effects on the behaviour of supported molybdena catalysts for methanol-selective oxidation. Langmuir. 2008;24(15):8358–8366. https://doi.org/10.1021/la800370rLi W., Huang H., Li H., Zhang W., Liu H. Facile synthesis of pure monoclinic and tetragonal zirconia nanoparticles and their phase effects on the behaviour of supported molybdena catalysts for methanol-selective oxidation. Langmuir. 2008;24(15):8358–8366. https://doi.org/10.1021/la800370rДаниелян А.Т., Андреев Д.В. Синтез диоксида циркония, стабилизированного оксидом иттрия. Успехи в химии и химической технологии. 2019;33(4):58–59.Danielyan A.T., Andreev D.V. Synthesis of zirconium dioxide stabilized with yttria. Advances in Chemistry and Chemical Technology. 2019;33(4):58–59. (In Russ.).Sarkar A., Wang Q., Schiele A., Chellali M.R., Bhattacharya S.S., Wang D., Brezesinski T., Hahn H., Velasco L., Breitung B. High‐entropy oxides: fundamental aspects and electro­chemical properties. Advanced Materials. 2019;31(26): 1806236. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201806236Sarkar A., Wang Q., Schiele A., Chellali M.R., Bhattacharya S.S., Wang D., Brezesinski T., Hahn H., Velasco L., Breitung B. High‐entropy oxides: fundamental aspects and electrochemical properties. Advanced Materials. 2019;31(26):1806236. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201806236Wei F., Zhang D., Liu Y., Xu B., Zhang X., Wang Y. Novel (Yb0.2Tm0.2Lu0.2Sc0.2Gd0.2)2Si2O7: Exploring its potential for comprehensive performance in environmental barrier coatings. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2024;44(4);2512–2521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2023.11.025Wei F., Zhang D., Liu Y., Xu B., Zhang X., Wang Y. Novel (Yb0.2Tm0.2Lu0.2Sc0.2Gd0.2)2Si2O7: Exploring its potential for comprehensive performance in environmental barrier coatings. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2024;44(4);2512–2521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2023.11.025Wright A.J., Luo J. A step forward from high-entropy cera­mics to compositionally complex ceramics: a new perspective. Journal of Materials Science. 2020;55:9812–9827. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04583-wWright A.J., Luo J. A step forward from high-entropy cera­mics to compositionally complex ceramics: a new perspective. Journal of Materials Science. 2020;55:9812–9827. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04583-wXiang H., Xing Y., Dai F.Z., Wang H., Su L., Miao L., Zhang G., Wang Y., Qi X., Yao L., Wang H., Zhao B., Li J., Zhou Y. High-entropy ceramics: Present status, challen­ges, and a look forward. Journal of Advanced Ceramics. 2021;10(3):385–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-021-0477-yXiang H., Xing Y., Dai F.Z., Wang H., Su L., Miao L., Zhang G., Wang Y., Qi X., Yao L., Wang H., Zhao B., Li J., Zhou Y. High-entropy ceramics: Present status, challen­ges, and a look forward. Journal of Advanced Ceramics. 2021;10(3):385–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-021-0477-yYe Y.F., Wang Q., Lu J., Liu C.T., Yang Y. High-entropy alloy: challenges and prospects. Materials Today. 2016;19: 349–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2015.11.0261Ye Y.F., Wang Q., Lu J., Liu C.T., Yang Y. High-entropy alloy: challenges and prospects. Materials Today. 2016;19:349–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2015.11.0261Cantor B., Chang I.T.H., Knight P., Vincent A.J.B. Micro­structural development in equiatomic multicomponent alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2004;375–377(1):213–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2003.10.257Cantor B., Chang I.T.H., Knight P., Vincent A.J.B. Microstructural development in equiatomic multicomponent alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2004;375–377(1):213–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2003.10.257Mukasyan A.S., Rogachev A.S. Combustion synthesis of ultra-high temperature ceramics: Review. Inter­national Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology. 2025;22(6):e70044. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.70044Mukasyan A.S., Rogachev A.S. Combustion synthesis of ultra-high temperature ceramics: Review. Inter­national Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology. 2025;22(6):e70044. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.70044Yang L., Xie F., Guan Z., Wu L., Zhang F., Liu H., Zeng C. Ultra-multicomponent high-entropy (12RE1/12)2Zr2O7 ceramics with enhanced performance and CMAS corrosion resistance. Journal of Materials Science and Techno­logy. 2026;258:45–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.08.057Yang L., Xie F., Guan Z., Wu L., Zhang F., Liu H., Zeng C. Ultra-multicomponent high-entropy (12RE1/12)2Zr2O7 ceramics with enhanced performance and CMAS corrosion resistance. Journal of Materials Science and Techno­logy. 2026;258:45–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.08.057Zhang W., Du J., Xie C., Li D., Liu R., Wang Y. Maximized cation size disorder driven phonon engineering in high-entropy pyrochlores of La2(Zr,Ce,Hf,Sn,Ti)2O7 . Acta Materialia. 2025;301:121563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2025.121563Zhang W., Du J., Xie C., Li D., Liu R., Wang Y. Maximized cation size disorder driven phonon engineering in high-entropy pyrochlores of La2(Zr,Ce,Hf,Sn,Ti)2O7 . Acta Materialia. 2025;301:121563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2025.121563Xu H., Chen L., Tian J., Li B., Zhang L., Wang J., Feng J. Diatomic site high-entropy engineering boosts thermal properties of RETaO4 for TBC applications. Modern Phy­sics Letters B. 2025;39(32):2550184. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217984925501842Xu H., Chen L., Tian J., Li B., Zhang L., Wang J., Feng J. Diatomic site high-entropy engineering boosts thermal properties of RETaO4 for TBC applications. Modern Physics Letters B. 2025;39(32):2550184. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217984925501842Hu Y., Sun G., Zhang Q., Li M., Zhu J., Shao G., Wang H., Xu H., Lu H. High-entropy perovskite cera­mics with excellent broadband wave-absorbing properties by one-step sintering. Ceramics International. 2025; 51(24):42756–42768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.07.019Hu Y., Sun G., Zhang Q., Li M., Zhu J., Shao G., Wang H., Xu H., Lu H. High-entropy perovskite ceramics with excellent broadband wave-absorbing properties by one-step sintering. Ceramics International. 2025; 51(24):42756–42768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.07.019Wang W., Pei X., Li X., Wen W. Synthesis, microstructure, and thermophysical properties of high-entropy rare earth cerium and zirconium cerates. Ceramics International. 2025;51(14):19343–19354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.02.111Wang W., Pei X., Li X., Wen W. Synthesis, microstructure, and thermophysical properties of high-entropy rare earth cerium and zirconium cerates. Ceramics International. 2025;51(14):19343–19354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.02.111Gao C., Zhu J., Ye S., Li M., Wang H., He J. Novel high-entropy perovskite titanate: A potential thermal protective material with improved thermophysical properties. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2025;45(2):116878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2024.116878Gao C., Zhu J., Ye S., Li M., Wang H., He J. Novel high-entropy perovskite titanate: A potential thermal protective material with improved thermophysical properties. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2025;45(2):116878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2024.116878Zheng Y., Zou M., Zhang W., Yi D., Lan J., Nan C.W., Lin Y.H. Electrical and thermal transport behaviours of high-entropy perovskite thermoelectric oxides. Journal of Advanced Ceramics. 2021;10(2):377–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-021-0462-5Zheng Y., Zou M., Zhang W., Yi D., Lan J., Nan C.W., Lin Y.H. Electrical and thermal transport behaviours of high-entropy perovskite thermoelectric oxides. Journal of Advanced Ceramics. 2021;10(2):377–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-021-0462-5Qian A., Feng B., Cui J., Zhang J., Zheng X., Gu S., Fu K., Liu J.-X., Zhang G.J., Liang Y. Highly corrosion-resistant and electrically conductive high-entropy dodecaboride ceramic composites for promising inert anode materials. Journal of Materials Science and Technology. 2026;260: 67–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.10.013Qian A., Feng B., Cui J., Zhang J., Zheng X., Gu S., Fu K., Liu J.-X., Zhang G.J., Liang Y. Highly corrosion-resistant and electrically conductive high-entropy dodecaboride ceramic composites for promising inert anode materials. Journal of Materials Science and Technology. 2026;260: 67–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.10.013Volodko S., Moskovskikh D., Kochetov N., Kuskov K., Yudin S. Heterogeneous microstructures in dual-phase high-entropy carbide/boride ceramics. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2025;945:149045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2025.149045Volodko S., Moskovskikh D., Kochetov N., Kuskov K., Yudin S. Heterogeneous microstructures in dual-phase high-entropy carbide/boride ceramics. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2025;945:149045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2025.149045Гынгазов С.А., Васильев И.П., Болтуева В.А., Власов В.А., Насырбаев А. Синтез высокоэнтропийной керамики (Y0.2Yb0.2Lu0.2Eu0.2Er0.2)3Al5O12 для теплозащитных покрытий. Известия вузов. Физика. 2024;67(6): 24–31. https://doi.org/10.17223/00213411/67/6/4Ghyngazov S.A., Vasil’ev I.P., Boltueva V.A., Vlasov V.A., Nasyrbaev A. Synthesis of high-entropy cera­mics (Y0.2Yb0.2Lu0.2Eu0.2Er0.2)3Al5O12 for thermal protective coatings. Izvestiya vuzov. Fizika. 2024;67(6):24–31. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17223/00213411/67/6/4Bardakhanov S.P., Trufanov D.Y., Chakin I.K., Gaponenko V.R. Gas phase large-scale synthesis of Silicon carbide nanowires by industrial electron accelerator. Materials Physics and Mechanics. 2023;51(4):96–106. https://doi.org/10.18149/MPM.5142023_9Bardakhanov S.P., Trufanov D.Y., Chakin I.K., Gaponenko V.R. Gas phase large-scale synthesis of Silicon carbide nanowires by industrial electron accelerator. Materials Physics and Mechanics. 2023;51(4):96–106. https://doi.org/10.18149/MPM.5142023_9Lisitsyn V., Tulegenova A., Golkovski M., Polisadova E., Lisitsyna L., Mussakhanov D., Alpyssova G. Radiation synthesis of high-temperature wide-bandgap ceramics. Micromachines. 2023;14(12):2193. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14122193Lisitsyn V., Tulegenova A., Golkovski M., Polisadova E., Lisitsyna L., Mussakhanov D., Alpyssova G. Radiation synthesis of high-temperature wide-bandgap ceramics. Micromachines. 2023;14(12):2193. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14122193Karipbayev Z.T., Lisitsyn V.M., Golkovski M.G., Zhil­gildinov Z.S., Popov A.I., Zhunusbekov A.M., Polisadova E., Tulegenova A., Mussakhanov D.A., Alpyssova G., Piskunov S. Electron beam-assisted synthesis of YAG:Ce ceramics. Materials. 2023;16(11):4102. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16114102Karipbayev Z.T., Lisitsyn V.M., Golkovski M.G., Zhil­gildinov Z.S., Popov A.I., Zhunusbekov A.M., Polisadova E., Tulegenova A., Mussakhanov D.A., Alpyssova G., Piskunov S. Electron beam-assisted synthesis of YAG:Ce ceramics. Materials. 2023;16(11):4102. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16114102Ghyngazov S.A., Vasil’ev I.P., Boltueva V.A., Vlasov V.A. Synthesis of aluminum titanate based composite cera­mics using high-power fast-electron beam. Russian Physics Journal. 2024;67(8):1150–1156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-024-03227-9Ghyngazov S.A., Vasil’ev I.P., Boltueva V.A., Vlasov V.A. Synthesis of aluminum titanate based composite ceramics using high-power fast-electron beam. Russian Physics Journal. 2024;67(8):1150–1156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-024-03227-9Ghyngazov S.A., Vasil’ev I.P., Boltueva V.A., Vlasov V.A. Electron beam synthesis of CaZrTi2O7 zirconolite cera­mics. Russian Physics Journal. 2025;68:1454–1458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-025-03580-3Ghyngazov S.A., Vasil’ev I.P., Boltueva V.A., Vlasov V.A. Electron beam synthesis of CaZrTi2O7 zirconolite cera­mics. Russian Physics Journal. 2025;68:1454–1458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-025-03580-3Гынгазов С.А., Васильев И.П., Болтуева В.А. Синтез сложно-оксидной керамики в пучке быстрых элект­ронов. Перспективные материалы. 2024;(3):78–88. https://doi.org/10.30791/1028-978X-2024-3-78-88Ghyngazov S., Vasil’ev I., Boltueva V. Synthesis of comp­lex oxide ceramics in a fast electron beam. Perspektivnye materialy. 2024;(3):78–88. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30791/1028-978X-2024-3-78-88Ghyngazov S.A., Vasil’ev I.P., Boltueva V.A. Synthesis of complex oxide ceramics in a fast electron beam. Inorganic Materials: Applied Research. 2024;15(5): 1490–1498. https://doi.org/10.1134/S207511332470117XGhyngazov S.A., Vasil’ev I.P., Boltueva V.A. Synthesis of complex oxide ceramics in a fast electron beam. Inorganic Materials: Applied Research. 2024;15(5):1490–1498. https://doi.org/10.1134/S207511332470117XГынгазов С.А., Васильев И.П., Болтуева В.А., Ляо С. Влияние режимов и условий облучения мощным пучком быстрых электронов на эффективность синтеза высокоэнтропийной оксидной керамики. В кн.: Структура и свойства металлов и сплавов после энергетической обработки. Новокузнецк: ООО Полиграфист, 2025. С. 69–78.Ghyngazov S.A., Vasil’ev I.P., Boltueva V.A., Lyao S. Influence of modes and conditions of irradiation with a powerful of fast electron beam on the efficiency of synthesis of high-entropy oxide ceramics. In: Structure and properties of metals and alloys after energy treatment. Novokuznetsk: Polygrafist LLC, 2025. P. 69–78. (In Russ.).Golkovski M.G., Denisov I.P., Ghyngazov S.A., Vasil’­ev I.P., Chakin I.K. Efficiency of liquid-phase synthesis of ceramic materials under the influence of an electron beam with high penetrating power. Bulletin of the Karaganda University. Phisycs Series. 2024;116(4): 35–45. https://doi.org/10.31489/2024PH4/38-45Golkovski M.G., Denisov I.P., Ghyngazov S.A., Vasil’­ev I.P., Chakin I.K. Efficiency of liquid-phase synthesis of ceramic materials under the influence of an electron beam with high penetrating power. Bulletin of the Karaganda University. Phisycs Series. 2024;116(4):35–45. https://doi.org/10.31489/2024PH4/38-45

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.