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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">powder</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Порошковая металлургия и функциональные покрытия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Powder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings (Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional'nye Pokrytiya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-308X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8767</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ "МИСИС"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/1997-308X-2017-4-11-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">powder-325</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Самораспространяющийся высокотемпературный синтез</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS)</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ФАЗООБРАЗОВАНИЕ В СИСТЕМЕ Ti–Al–C ПРИ СВС</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PHASE FORMATION IN TI–AL–C SYSTEM DURING SHS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат технических наук, заведующий лабораторией рентгеноструктурных исследований.</p><p>142432, Московская обл., Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Tech.), head of X-Ray investigation Laboratory.</p><p>142432, Moscow region, Chernogolovka, Academician Osipyan str., 8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalev@ism.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аверичев</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Averichev</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант лаборатории рентгеноструктурных исследований.</p><p>142432, Московская обл., Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Engineer-researcher, Laboratory of plastic deformation.</p><p>142432, Moscow region, Chernogolovka, Academician Osipyan str., 8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">luginina@ism.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лугинина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Luginina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории пластического деформирования.</p><p>142432, Московская обл., Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate student, X-Ray investigation Laboratory.</p><p>142432, Moscow region, Chernogolovka, Academician Osipyan str., 8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">luginina@ism.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бажин</surname><given-names>П. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazhin</surname><given-names>P. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории пластического деформирования.</p><p>142432, Московская обл., Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Tech.), senior researcher, Laboratory of plastic deformation.</p><p>142432, Moscow region, Chernogolovka, Academician Osipyan str., 8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olimp@ism.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения РАН (ИСМАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of structural macrokinetics and materials science RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ковалев Д.Ю., Аверичев О.А., Лугинина М.А., Бажин П.М., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ковалев Д.Ю., Аверичев О.А., Лугинина М.А., Бажин П.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovalev D.Y., Averichev O.A., Luginina M.A., Bazhin P.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/325">https://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/325</self-uri><abstract><p>Методом времяразрешающей рентгеновской дифракции исследован процесс фазообразования при самораспространяющемся высокотемпературном синтезе (СВС) порошковых смесей Ti–Al–C составов, близких к составу МАХ-фаз. Установлено, что формирование материала при горении на воздухе в условиях медленного теплоотвода происходит стадийно. На первом этапе доминирующей является реакция образования карбида титана, обеспечивающая основное тепловыделение и распространение фронта горения. В результате формируются кристаллы TiC, окруженные расплавом Ti–Al. За фронтом горения происходит растворение карбида титана в окружающем расплаве с последующей кристаллизацией тройного соединения – Ti2AlC. При синтезе в среде гелия, обеспечивающей быстрый теплоотвод, не наблюдается формирования TiC. Первой фазой, возникающей на дифракционном поле, является Ti2AlC. Период существования TiC, составляющий 5–10 с для смесей, синтезированных на воздухе, существенно уменьшается при проведении процесса в среде гелия и не превышает 1 с. В результате СВС получен композиционный материал на основе фазы Ti2AlC, содержащий менее 20 мас.% TiAl и 2 мас.% TiC. Структура материала характеризуется пластинчатыми зернами Ti2AlC, окруженными матрицей TiAl. Микротвердость синтезированных материалов составила 4,0–4,5 ГПа и соответствует микротвердости фазы Ti2AlC. Дисперсность зерен Ti2AlC при синтезе в среде гелия ниже, чем при синтезе на воздухе. При медленном охлаждении на воздухе размеры пластинчатых зерен МАХ-фазы вырастают до 8–15 мкм в длину и 2–5 мкм в ширину. В гелии дисперсность Ti2AlC ниже – длина и ширина зерен не превышают 8 и 1 мкм соответственно.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The phase formation of Ti–Al–C powder mixtures with compositions close to the composition of the MAX phases in self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) was investigated using time resolved X-ray diffraction. It is found that material formation during combustion in air under low heat removal rates is a staged process. At the first stage, the dominant is the reaction of titanium carbide formation providing major heat release and combustion front propagation. As a result, TiC crystals surrounded by the Ti–Al melt are formed. Behind the combustion front titanium carbide dissolves in the surrounding melt and then the Ti2AlC ternary compound is crystallized. TiC formation is not observed with the synthesis in helium providing high heat removal rates. The first phase emerging on the diffraction field is Ti2AlC. The TiC life cycle of 5–10 s for air-synthesized mixtures is significantly reduced for helium processes and does not exceed 1 s. SHS reaction in helium yielded a Ti2AlC-based composite containing less than 20 wt.% of TiAl, and 2 wt.% of TiC. The material structure is characterized by laminated Ti2AlC grains surrounded by the TiAl matrix. The microhardness of synthesized materials was 4,0–4,5 GPa that corresponds to that of the Ti2AlC phase. Ti2AlC grains synthesized in helium are smaller than in air. Laminated MAX-phase grain sizes grow up to 8–15 μm in length and 2–5 μm in width at slow air cooling. The Ti2AlC grain size in helium is lower – up to 8 μm in length and 1 μm in width.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>МАХ-фаза Ti2AlC</kwd><kwd>самораспространяющийся высокотемпературный синтез</kwd><kwd>времяразрешающая рентгеновская дифракция</kwd><kwd>фазообразование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ti2AlC MAX phase</kwd><kwd>self-propagating high-temperature synthesis</kwd><kwd>time resolved X-ray diffraction</kwd><kwd>phase formation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barsoum M.W., El-Raghy T. Synthesis and characterization of a remarkable ceramic: Ti3SiC2. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1996. Vol. 79. 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