<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">powder</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Порошковая металлургия и функциональные покрытия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Powder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings (Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional'nye Pokrytiya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-308X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8767</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ "МИСИС"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/1997-308X-2020-36-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">powder-524</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Самораспространяющийся высокотемпературный синтез</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS)</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Получение МАХ-фаз Ti2AlC и Ti3AlC2 в режиме СВС c восстановительной стадией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Obtaining of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 MAX phases by SHS with reduction stage</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вершинников</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vershinnikov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вершинников В.И. – канд. техн. наук, вед. науч. сотр. лаборатории самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза.</p><p>142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vershinnikov V.I. – Cand. Sci. (Tech.), leading research scientist of the Laboratory of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis.</p><p>142432, Moscow region, Chernogolovka, Academician Osip′yan str., 8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vervi@ism.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалев Д.Ю. – канд. техн. наук, зав. лабораторией рентгеноструктурных исследований.</p><p>142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kovalev D.Yu. – Cand. Sci. (Tech.), head of the Laboratory of X-ray structural studies.</p><p>142432, Moscow region, Chernogolovka, Academician Osip′yan str., 8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalev@ism.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт структурной макрокинетики проблем материаловедения им. А.Г. Мержанова РАН (ИСМАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISMAN)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; НИТУ "МИСИС", 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">НИТУ "МИСИС"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">НИТУ "МИСИС"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://powder.misis.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://powder.misis.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/524">https://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/524</self-uri><abstract><p>Работа посвящена получению порошков МАХ-фаз Ti2AlC и Ti3AlC2 методом самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза (СВС) по схеме магнийтермического восстановления из оксидного сырья. Источником титана служил его оксид TiO2 , в качестве восстановителя использовался магний. Очистку от оксида магния проводили в разбавленной соляной кислоте при температуре 70 °С и концентрации 1 : 3. Выход целевого продукта при магнийтермическом восстановлении составляет 35–40 %. Выявлено, что при стехиометрическом соотношении компонентов продукт синтеза после химического выщелачивания в соляной кислоте состоит из Ti2AlC, MgAl2O4 и TiC. Формирование шпинели MgAl2O4 связано с недостатком восстановителя магния в шихте, при этом часть алюминия вступает в реакцию восстановления титана из его оксида с образованием Al2O3 . Это приводит к получению шпинели MgO·Al2O3 . Увеличение содержания избыточного магния в шихте от 20 до 30 мас.% обусловливает полное восстановление титана из его оксида магнием с образованием МАХ-фазы Ti2AlC и карбида титана. Снижение количества углерода в шихте на 10 мас.% влечет уменьшение доли карбида титана до 4 %. При избыточном содержании сажи от 20 до 35 % образуется продукт, содержащий МАХ-фазы Ti3AlC2 , Ti2AlC и TiC, причем массовая доля Ti3AlC2 повышается от 86 до 89 % соответственно. Полученные порошки представляют собой агломераты (87 % из них меньше 65 мкм), состоящие из тонких пластин МАХ-фаз толщиной 70–100 нм.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper focuses on obtaining Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 MAX phase powders by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) from oxide raw materials using magnesium-thermal reduction. The source of titanium was its oxide TiO2 with magnesium used as a reducing agent. Cleaning from magnesium oxide was conducted in hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1:3 at t = 70 °C. The yield of the target product in magnesium thermal reduction is 35–40 %. It was found that the synthesis product consisted of Ti2AlC, MgAl2O4 and TiC after chemical leaching in hydrochloric acid at the stoichiometric ratio of components. MgAl2O4 spinel was formed due to the lack of magnesium reducing agent in the green mixture, while some part of aluminum reacted with titanium oxide reducing it and forming Al2O3 . It led to MgO·Al2O3 formation. An increase in the excess magnesium content in the green mixture from 20 wt.% to 30 wt.% leads to the complete reduction of titanium from its oxide by magnesium with the formation of Ti2AlC MAX phase and titanium carbide. A decrease in carbon content by 10 wt.% in the green mixture leads to a decrease in titanium carbide content to 4 %. With an excess content of soot from 20 % to 35 %, a product containing Ti3AlC2 , Ti2AlC and TiC MAX phases is formed, and the mass fraction of Ti3AlC2 increases from 86 % to 89 %, respectively. The resulting powders are agglomerates consisting of thin plates of 70–100 nm thick MAX phases. 87 % of such agglomerates are less than 65 μm in size.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>МАХ-фазы Ti2AlC</kwd><kwd>Ti3AlC2</kwd><kwd>самораспространяющийся высокотемпературный синтез (СВС)</kwd><kwd>порошки</kwd><kwd>магнийтермическое восстановление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ti3AlC2</kwd><kwd>Ti2AlC MAX-phases</kwd><kwd>self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS)</kwd><kwd>powders</kwd><kwd>magnesium-thermal reduction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barsoum M.W. MAX phases: Properties of machinable ternary carbides and nitrides. 1st ed. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barsoum M.W. MAX phases: Properties of machinable ternary carbides and nitrides. 1st ed. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barsoum M.W., Bridkin D., Raghy T.E. Layered machinable ceramics for high temperature applications. Scr. Metall. Mater. 1997. Vol. 36. P. 535—539.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barsoum M.W., Bridkin D., Raghy T.E. Layered machinable ceramics for high temperature applications. Scr. Metall. Mater. 1997. Vol. 36. P. 535—539.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barsoum M.W. The Мn+1АХ nphases: A new class of solids. Prog. Solid State Chem. 2000. Vol. 28. P. 201—281.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barsoum M.W. The Мn+1АХ nphases: A new class of solids. Prog. Solid State Chem. 2000. Vol. 28. P. 201—281.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radovic M., Barsoum M.W. MAX phases: Bridging the gap between metals and ceramics. Amer. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 2013. Vol. 92. No. 3. P. 20—27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radovic M., Barsoum M.W. MAX phases: Bridging the gap between metals and ceramics. Amer. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 2013. Vol. 92. No. 3. P. 20—27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rahman A., Rahaman Z. Study on structural, electronic, optical and mechanical properties of MAX phase compounds and applications. Amer. J. Mod. Phys. 2015. Vol. 4. No. 2. P. 75—91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rahman A., Rahaman Z. Study on structural, electronic, optical and mechanical properties of MAX phase compounds and applications. Amer. J. Mod. Phys. 2015. Vol. 4. No. 2. P. 75—91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tallman D.J., Anasori B., Barsoum M.W. A critical review of the oxidation of Ti 2 AlC, Ti3 AlC 2 and Cr 2 AlC in air. Mater. Res. Lett. 2013. Vol. 1. P. 115—125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tallman D.J., Anasori B., Barsoum M.W. A critical review of the oxidation of Ti 2 AlC, Ti3 AlC 2 and Cr 2 AlC in air. Mater. Res. Lett. 2013. Vol. 1. P. 115—125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poon B., Ponson L., Zhao J., Ravichandran G. Damage accumulation and hysteretic behavior of MAX phase materials. J. Mech. Phys. Solids. 2011. Vol. 59. P. 2238—2257.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poon B., Ponson L., Zhao J., Ravichandran G. Damage accumulation and hysteretic behavior of MAX phase materials. J. Mech. Phys. Solids. 2011. Vol. 59. P. 2238—2257.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang H.B., Bao Y.W., Zhou Y.C. Current status in layered ternary carbide Ti3 SiC2 : A review. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2009. Vol. 25. No. 1. P. 1—38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang H.B., Bao Y.W., Zhou Y.C. Current status in layered ternary carbide Ti3 SiC2 : A review. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2009. Vol. 25. No. 1. P. 1—38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barsoum M.W., Ali M., El-Raghy T. Processing and characterization of Ti 2 AlC, Ti 2 AlN, and Ti 2 AlC0.5 N0.5 . Metall. Mater. Trans. A. 2000. Vol. 31. P. 1857—1863.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barsoum M.W., Ali M., El-Raghy T. Processing and characterization of Ti 2 AlC, Ti 2 AlN, and Ti 2 AlC0.5 N0.5 . Metall. Mater. Trans. A. 2000. Vol. 31. P. 1857—1863.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan M., Chen Y., Mei B., Zhu J. Synthesis of high-purity Ti 2 AlN ceramic by hot pressing . Trans. Nonferr. Met. Soc. Chine. 2008. Vol. 18. No. 1. P. 82—85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan M., Chen Y., Mei B., Zhu J. Synthesis of high-purity Ti 2 AlN ceramic by hot pressing . Trans. Nonferr. Met. Soc. Chine. 2008. Vol. 18. No. 1. P. 82—85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luginina M.A., Kovalev D.Yu., Sytschev A.E. Preparation of Ti 2 AlN by reactive sintering. Int. J. SHS. 2016. Vol. 25. No. 1. P. 35—38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luginina M.A., Kovalev D.Yu., Sytschev A.E. Preparation of Ti 2 AlN by reactive sintering. Int. J. SHS. 2016. Vol. 25. No. 1. P. 35—38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hong Xiao-lin, Mei Bing-chu, Zhu Jiao-qun, Zhou Weibing. Fabrication of Ti 2 AlC by hot pressing of Ti, TiC, Al and active carbon powder mixtures. J. Mater. Sci. 2004. Vol. 39. No. 5. P. 1589—1592.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hong Xiao-lin, Mei Bing-chu, Zhu Jiao-qun, Zhou Weibing. Fabrication of Ti 2 AlC by hot pressing of Ti, TiC, Al and active carbon powder mixtures. J. Mater. Sci. 2004. Vol. 39. No. 5. P. 1589—1592.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou W.B., Mei B.C., Zhu J.Q., Hong X.L. Rapid synthesis of Ti 2 AlC by spark plasma sintering technique. Mater. Lett. 2005. Vol. 5. P. 131—139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou W.B., Mei B.C., Zhu J.Q., Hong X.L. Rapid synthesis of Ti 2 AlC by spark plasma sintering technique. Mater. Lett. 2005. Vol. 5. P. 131—139.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yi Liu, Shi Zh., Wang J., Qiao G., Jin Zh., Shen Zh. Reactive consolidation of layered-ternary Ti 2 AlN ceramics by spark plasma sintering of a Ti/AlN powder mixture. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 2011. Vol. 31. No. 5. P. 863—868.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yi Liu, Shi Zh., Wang J., Qiao G., Jin Zh., Shen Zh. Reactive consolidation of layered-ternary Ti 2 AlN ceramics by spark plasma sintering of a Ti/AlN powder mixture. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 2011. Vol. 31. No. 5. P. 863—868.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левашов Е.А., Погожев Ю.С., Штанский Д.В., Петржик М.И. Самораспространяющийся высокотемпературный синтез керамических материалов на основе Мn+1 АХ n фаз в системе Ti—Cr—Al—C. Известия вузов. Порошковая металлургия и функциональные покрытия. 2008. No. 3. С. 13—22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levashov E.A., Pogozhev Y.S., Shtansky D.V., Petrzhik M.I. Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of ceramic materials based on the MAX phases in the Ti—CrAl—C system. Russ. J. Non-Ferr. Met. 2009. Vol. 50. No. 2. Р. 151—159.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hendaoui A., Andasmas M., Benaldjia A., Langlois P., Vrel D. SHS of high-purity MAX compounds in the Ti—Al—C system. Int. J. SHS. 2008. Vol. 17. No. 2. Р. 129—136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hendaoui A., Andasmas M., Benaldjia A., Langlois P., Vrel D. SHS of high-purity MAX compounds in the Ti—Al—C system. Int. J. SHS. 2008. Vol. 17. No. 2. Р. 129—136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vadchenko S.G., Sytschev A.E., Kovalev D.Yu., Shukin A.S, Belikova A.F. SHS of MAX compounds in the Ti—Si—C system: influence of mechanical activation. Int. J. SHS. 2014. Vol. 23. No. 3. P. 141—144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vadchenko S.G., Sytschev A.E., Kovalev D.Yu., Shukin A.S, Belikova A.F. SHS of MAX compounds in the Ti—Si—C system: influence of mechanical activation. Int. J. SHS. 2014. Vol. 23. No. 3. P. 141—144.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas T., Bowen C. Effect of particle size on the formation of Ti 2 AlC using combustion synthesis. Ceram. Int. 2016. Vol. 42. P. 4150—4157.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomas T., Bowen C. Effect of particle size on the formation of Ti 2 AlC using combustion synthesis. Ceram. Int. 2016. Vol. 42. P. 4150—4157.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bazhin P.M., Kovalev D.Yu., Luginina M.A., Averichev O.A. Combustion of Ti—Al—C compacts in air and helium: A TRXRD study. Int. J. SHS. 2016. Vol. 25. No 1. Р. 30—34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bazhin P.M., Kovalev D.Yu., Luginina M.A., Averichev O.A. Combustion of Ti—Al—C compacts in air and helium: A TRXRD study. Int. J. SHS. 2016. Vol. 25. No 1. Р. 30—34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bai Y., He X., Li Y., Zhu C., Zhang S. Rapid synthesis of bulk Ti 2 AlC by self-propagating high temperature combustion synthesis with a pseudo—hot isostatic pressing process. J. Mater. Res. 2009. Vol. 24. No. 8. P. 2528—2535. DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2009.0327.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bai Y., He X., Li Y., Zhu C., Zhang S. Rapid synthesis of bulk Ti 2 AlC by self-propagating high temperature combustion synthesis with a pseudo—hot isostatic pressing process. J. Mater. Res. 2009. Vol. 24. No. 8. P. 2528—2535. DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2009.0327.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yeh C.L., Kuo C.W., Chu Y.C. Formation of Ti3AlC2/Al2O3 and Ti 2 AlC/Al2 O 3 composites by combustion synthesis in Ti—Al—C—TiO 2 systems. J. Alloys Compd. 2010. Vol. 494. P. 132—136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yeh C.L., Kuo C.W., Chu Y.C. Formation of Ti3AlC2/Al2O3 and Ti 2 AlC/Al2 O 3 composites by combustion synthesis in Ti—Al—C—TiO 2 systems. J. Alloys Compd. 2010. Vol. 494. P. 132—136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
