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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">powder</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Порошковая металлургия и функциональные покрытия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Powder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings (Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional'nye Pokrytiya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-308X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8767</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ "МИСИС"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/1997-308X-2020-2-29-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">powder-538</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Тугоплавкие, керамические и композиционные материалы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Refractory, Ceramic, and Composite Materials</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности синтеза, структура и свойства перспективной высокотемпературной керамики системы Hf-Ta-B-Ti-Si</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Synthesis features, structure and properties of promising high-temperature ceramics in the Hf-Ta-B-Ti-Si system</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбаткина</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbatkina</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Научно-учебного центра (НУЦ) СВС МИСиС-ИСМАН.</p><p>119049, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Tech.), Leading researcher, Scientific-Educational Centre (SEC) of SHS, MISIS-ISMAN.</p><p>119049, Moscow, Leninskii pr., 4.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvkurb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пацера</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Patsera</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат технических наук, научный сотрудник НУЦ СВС МИСиС-ИСМАН.</p><p>119049, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Tech.), Researcher, SEC of SHS, MISIS-ISMAN.</p><p>119049, Moscow, Leninskii pr., 4.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">patsera_yevgeniy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборант НУЦ СВС МИСиС-ИСМАН.</p><p>119049, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory assistant, Master, SEC of SHS, MISIS-ISMAN.</p><p>119049, Moscow, Leninskii pr., 4.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dis5980@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левашов</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levashov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор технических наук, профессор, академик РАЕН, директор НУЦ СВС МИСиС-ИСМАН, заведующий кафедрой порошковой металлургии и функциональных покрытий НИТУ «МИСиС».</p><p>119049, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Prof., Acad. of RANS, Director of the Scientific-educational center SHS, MISIS-ISMAN, Head of the Department of powder metallurgy and functional coatings, NUST «MISIS».</p><p>119049, Moscow, Leninskii pr., 4.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">levashov@shs.misis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСиС»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">MISIS-ISMAN<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; НИТУ "МИСИС", 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">НИТУ "МИСИС"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">НИТУ "МИСИС"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://powder.misis.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://powder.misis.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/538">https://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/538</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследованы особенности элементного синтеза керамических материалов системы Hf-Ta-B-Ti-Si для получения перспективной высокотемпературной керамики и анализа ее структуры и свойств. Изучены макрокинетические параметры самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза (СВС). Построены зависимости температуры и скорости горения от начальной температуры. Установлено, что определяющую роль в процессе горения играют химические превращения, протекающие через жидкую фазу. Путем остановки фронта горения в медном клине изучены процессы структуро- и фазообразования. Определен механизм формирования фаз в волне горения. После контактного плавления Si и Ti и растворения в расплаве B, Hf и Ta по механизму реакционной диффузии из пересыщенного расплава выделяются первичные кристаллы диборидов гафния, титана и тантала. Благодаря близости кристаллических решеток формируется двухфазная структура, состоящая из многокомпонентных твердых растворов на основе диборида и боридосилицида. Пористые продукты синтеза заданного состава перерабатывали в порошок необходимой фракции для последующего спекания методами горячего прессования (ГП) и искрового плазменного спекания (ИПС). Выявлено, что консолидированные методами ГП, ИПС и силового СВС-компактирования образцы имеют близкий фазовый состав, содержащий твердые растворы на основе диборида (Hf,Ti,Та)В2 и боридосилицида (Hf,Ti,Та)5Si3В. Из керамики, полученной по указанным технологиям, были изготовлены стандартные образцы для оценки физико-механических свойств. Установлено, что твердость и модуль упругости твердого раствора (Hf,Ti,Та)В2 в 2-3 раза выше, чем у боридосилицида (Hf,Ti,Та)5Si3В. Плотность полученной керамики в зависимости от состава варьируется от 8 до 6,5 г/см3, что соответствует пористости менее 5 %. Определены температурные зависимости теплоемкости и температуропроводности. Теплопроводность керамики, полученной методами ГП и ИПС, составила 24,05 и 23,1 Вт/(м•К) соответственно.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study covers the elemental synthesis features of Hf-Ta-B-Ti-Si ceramic materials used to obtain promising high-temperature ceramics and analyze its structure and properties. The macrokinetics of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) were studied. Combustion temperature and velocity as a function of initial temperature were plotted. It was established that chemical interactions occurring in the liquid phase play a pivotal role in the combustion process. Structure and phase formation processes were studied using the stopped combustion front technique. The mechanism of phase formation in the combustion wave was determined. The primary crystals of hafnium, titanium and tantalum diborides are precipitated from the super-saturated melt after the Si and Ti contact melting and B, Hf and Ta dissolution in the melt through the reactive diffusion process. A two-phase structure consisting of complex solid solutions based on diboride and borosilicide is formed due to the similarity of the crystal lattices. Porous synthesis products of the specified composition were milled into powders with the required particle size distribution for subsequent hot pressing (HP) or spark plasma sintering (SPS). It was found that specimens produced by HP, SPS, and SHS pressing feature a similar phase composition containing solid solutions based on diboride (Hf,Ti,Ta)B2 and borosilicide (Hf,Ti,Ta)5Si3B. Specimens were made of ceramics produced using the above technologies for physical-mechanical testing. It was found that the hardness and elastic modulus of (Hf,Ti,Ta)B2 solid solution are 2-3 times higher than that of (Hf,Ti,Ta)5Si3B borosilicide. Depending on composition, the density of ceramics produced varied from 8 to 6.5 g/cm3, which corresponds to a porosity of less than 5 %. Temperature dependences of heat capacity and diffusivity were determined. The heat conductivity of ceramics produced by HP and SPS was 24.05 and 23.1 W/(m•K), respectively.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>самораспространяющийся высокотемпературный синтез</kwd><kwd>борид</kwd><kwd>боридосилицид</kwd><kwd>твердые растворы</kwd><kwd>твердость</kwd><kwd>модуль упругости</kwd><kwd>теплопроводность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>self-propagating high-temperature synthesis</kwd><kwd>boride</kwd><kwd>borosilicide</kwd><kwd>solid solutions</kwd><kwd>hardness</kwd><kwd>elastic modulus</kwd><kwd>heat conductivity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Opeka M.M., Talmy I.G., Zaykoski J.A. Oxidation-based materials selection for 2000°C+ hypersonic aerosurfaces: theoretical considerations and historical experience. J. Mater. Sci. 2004. Vol. 39. P. 5887—904. 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