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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">powder</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Порошковая металлургия и функциональные покрытия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Powder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings (Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional'nye Pokrytiya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-308X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8767</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ "МИСИС"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/1997-308X-2021-3-22-33</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">powder-614</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теория и процессы формования и спекания порошковых материалов</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theory and Processes of Formation and Sintering of Powder Materials</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Формирование структуры и свойств горячедеформированных порошковых сталей, микролегированных натрием и кальцием, при термической и термомеханической обработках</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Formation of structure and properties of hot-deformed powder steels microalloyed with sodium and calcium during thermal and thermomechanical treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорофеев</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorofeyev</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры «Технология машиностроения, технологические машины и оборудование»</p><p>346428, Ростовская обл., г. Новочеркасск, ул. Просвещения, 132</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor of the Department of engineering technology, technological machines and equipment</p><p>346428, Rostov reg., Novocherkassk, Prosveshcheniya str., 132</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dvyu56.56@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свиридова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sviridova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ассистент кафедры «Автомобили и транспортно-технологические комплексы»</p><p>346428, Ростовская обл., г. Новочеркасск, ул. Просвещения, 132</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant of the Department of automobiles and transport-technological complexes</p><p>346428, Rostov reg., Novocherkassk, Prosveshcheniya str., 132</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anysviridova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойлов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoilov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Руководитель проекта по электропоездам и электрооборудованию</p><p>346413, Ростовская обл., г. Новочеркасск, ул. Машиностроителей, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Project manager for Electric Trains and Electrical Equipment</p><p>346413, Rostov reg., Novocherkassk, Mashinostroiteley str., 7</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samoilovva@nevz.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Российский государственный политехнический университет (ЮРГПУ) (НПИ) им. М.И. Платова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Производственная компания «НЭВЗ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Production Company NEVZ LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дорофеев В.Ю., Свиридова А.Н., Самойлов В.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дорофеев В.Ю., Свиридова А.Н., Самойлов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dorofeyev V.Y., Sviridova A.N., Samoilov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/614">https://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/614</self-uri><abstract><p>Одной из главных проблем, ограничивающих дальнейший рост производства деталей методом горячей штамповки пористых заготовок (ГШПЗ), является склонность получаемых материалов к хрупкому разрушению, что связано с неудовлетворительным качеством межчастичного сращивания, формирующегося при горячей деформации, а также с наличием примесей в составе исходных порошков. В работе исследована возможность повышения механических свойств и характеристик выносливости горячедеформированных порошковых сталей за счет введения микродобавок натрия или кальция и применения термомеханической обработки. При микролегировании использовали бикарбонат натрия и карбонат кальция. Углерод вводили в виде порошка карандашного графита. Температуру нагрева пористых заготовок перед горячей штамповкой и концентрацию углерода в сталях варьировали, содержание микролегирующих добавок составляло, мас. %: Na – 0,2 и Ca – 0,3. Оценку механических свойств, а также контактной и малоцикловой усталостной долговечности осуществляли на призматических образцах размером 5 × 10 × 55 мм и 10 × 10 × 55 мм и цилиндрических – размером ∅ 26 × 6 мм. Показано, что по сравнению с процессами цементации и термообработки проведение термомеханической обработки обеспечивает повышение ударной вязкости и характеристик выносливости горячедеформированных порошковых сталей с микродобавками Na или Ca в условиях воздействия контактного и малоциклового усталостного нагружения, а также снижение температуры горячей допрессовки пористых заготовок без ухудшения механических показателей получаемых порошковых сталей. Это может быть связано с формированием более мелкозернистой структуры и бóльших микронапряжений кристаллической решетки. Подстуживание поверхностных слоев заготовки при выполнении технологических операций горячей штамповки создает условия реализации в них аусформинга.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of the main problems limiting further growth in the production of parts by the hot forging of porous performs (HFPP) is that the obtained materials are prone to brittle fracture due to the poor quality of interparticle jointing formed during hot deformation, as well as the presence of impurities in the composition of initial powders. The paper studies the possibility of increasing the mechanical properties and endurance performance of hot-deformed powder steels by doping them with sodium or calcium microadditives and using thermomechanical treatment. Sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate were used for microalloying. Carbon was added as pencil graphite powder. The temperature of heating porous preforms before hot forging and the carbon content in steels were varied; the content of microalloying additives was, wt.%: 0.2 for sodium, and 0.3 for calcium. Mechanical properties as well as contact and low-cycle fatigue life were tested on 5 × 10 × 55 mm and 10 × 10 × 55 mm prismatic specimens, as well as ∅ 26 × 6 mm cylindrical specimens. In comparison with carburizing and thermal treatment, thermomechanical treatment improves the impact strength and endurance performance of hot-deformed powder steels with Na or Ca microadditives under the contact and low-cycle fatigue loading, and the hot repressing temperature of porous preforms is reduced without compromising the mechanical properties of powder steels obtained. It may be associated with the formation of a more fine-grained structure and higher microstresses of the crystal lattice. The cooling down of preform surface layers during hot forging process operations creates conditions for ausforming in them.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>горячая штамповка</kwd><kwd>пористые заготовки</kwd><kwd>контактная выносливость</kwd><kwd>малоцикловая усталость</kwd><kwd>хрупкое и вязкое разрушение</kwd><kwd>межчастичное сращивание</kwd><kwd>легирование</kwd><kwd>микролегирование</kwd><kwd>бикарбонат натрия</kwd><kwd>карбонат кальция</kwd><kwd>окисление</kwd><kwd>хромомолибденовый железный порошок</kwd><kwd>термическая обработка</kwd><kwd>термомеханическая обработка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hot forging</kwd><kwd>porous preforms</kwd><kwd>contact endurance</kwd><kwd>low-cycle fatigue</kwd><kwd>brittle and ductile fracture</kwd><kwd>interparticle jointing</kwd><kwd>alloying</kwd><kwd>microalloying</kwd><kwd>sodium bicarbonate</kwd><kwd>calcium carbonate</kwd><kwd>oxidation</kwd><kwd>chromium-molybdenum iron powder</kwd><kwd>thermal treatment (TT)</kwd><kwd>thermomechanical treatment (TMT)</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований, грант № 19-08-00107 А</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Grant № 19-08-00107 А</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дорофеев Ю.Г. 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