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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">powder</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Порошковая металлургия и функциональные покрытия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Powder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings (Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional'nye Pokrytiya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-308X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8767</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ "МИСИС"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/1997-308X-2021-2-49-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">powder-624</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Пористые материалы и биоматериалы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Porous Materials and Biomaterials</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Получение порошкового материала α-Fe 2O 3 с разноуровневой градиентной пористостью</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Production of α-Fe 2O 3 powder material with multilevel gradient porosity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демиров</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demirov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант кафедры функциональных наносистем и высокотемпературных материалов (ФНСиВТМ)</p><p>119991, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate student of the Department of functional nanosystems and high temperature materials (FNS&amp;HTM)</p><p>119991, Russia, Moscow, Leninskii pr., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apdemirov@misis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинков</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinkov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Докт. техн. наук, профессор кафедры ФНСиВТМ</p><p>119991, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor of the Department of FNS&amp;HTM</p><p>119991, Russia, Moscow, Leninskii pr., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">biv@misis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. техн. наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой ФНСиВТМ</p><p>119991, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate prof., Head of the Department of FNS&amp;HTM</p><p>119991, Russia, Moscow, Leninskii pr., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dk@misis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кусков</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuskov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инженер НИЦ «Конструкционные керамические материалы»</p><p>119991, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Engineer of the Research Center «Structural ceramic materials»</p><p>119991, Russia, Moscow, Leninskii pr., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kkuskov@misis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесников</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ассистент кафедры ФНСиВТМ, инженер Учебно-научного центра «Международная школа микроскопии»</p><p>119991, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant of the Department of FNS&amp;HTM, Engineer of the Educational and scientific center «International school of microscopy»</p><p>119991, Russia, Moscow, Leninskii pr., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kea.misis@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Седегов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sedegov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант кафедры порошковой металлургии и функциональных покрытий, инженер НИЦ «Конструкционные керамические материалы»</p><p>119991, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate student of the Department of PM&amp;FC, Engineer of the Research Center «Structural ceramic materials»</p><p>119991, Russia, Moscow, Leninskii pr., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sedegov.alex@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСиС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Science and Technology «MISIS»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Демиров А.П., Блинков И.В., Кузнецов Д.В., Кусков К.В., Колесников Е.А., Седегов А.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Демиров А.П., Блинков И.В., Кузнецов Д.В., Кусков К.В., Колесников Е.А., Седегов А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Demirov A.P., Blinkov I.V., Kuznetsov D.V., Kuskov K.V., Kolesnikov E.A., Sedegov A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/624">https://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/624</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследованы способы получения материала с градиентной разноуровневой пористостью путем спекания послойно распределенных нано- и субмикропорошков α-Fe2O3. Нанопорошки со средним размером частиц 12 нм были получены методом соосаждения, а субмикропорошки, представляющие собой полые сферы, – спрей-пиролизом. Консолидация порошков осуществлялась спеканием в муфельной печи, горячим прессованием и искровым плазменным спеканием (SPS) при различных температурах, нагрузках и времени выдержки. Показано, что методы спекания в муфельной печи и горячим прессом не позволяют получить компактный образец достаточной прочности по причине различной активности нано- и субмикропорошков. Методом искрового плазменного спекания были получены порошковые материалы при температурах выдержки 700, 750, 800 и 900 °С в течение 3 мин. Установлено, что серия образцов, полученных методом SPS при температуре 750 °С, обладает достаточной прочностью и открытой пористостью 20 % при общей пористости 37 %. Увеличение температуры при использовании метода SPS приводит к увеличению размера частиц в объеме нанопорошков до микронного размера и частичному разрушению полых субмикросфер. При исследовании фазового состава полученных образцов выявлено, что он идентичен фазовому составу исходных порошков. Однако для серий образцов, изготовленных методами горячего прессования и SPS, в объеме нанопорошков наблюдается направленный рост кристаллов в направлении наибольшей электро- и теплопроводности [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit001">001</xref>] по оси пуансонов. Это связано с температурным градиентом между объемом порошка и пуансонами и наименьшим значением поверхностной энергии плоскости (110), включающей в себя направление [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit001">001</xref>].</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper studies methods for obtaining a multilevel gradient porous material by the layer-by-layer sintering of distributed α-Fe2O3 nanopowders and submicron powders. Nanopowders with an average particle size of 12 nm were obtained by the coprecipitation method, and submicron powders, which are hollow spheres, were obtained using the spray pyrolysis method. Powders were consolidated by sintering in a muffle furnace, hot pressing, and spark plasma sintering (SPS) at various temperatures, loads, and holding times. It was shown that muffle furnace sintering and hot pressing methods cannot provide a compact of enough strength due to the different activity of nanopowders and submicron powders. Powder materials were obtained by spark plasma sintering when holding at 700, 750, 800, and 900 °С for 3 min. It was found that a series of samples obtained by SPS at 750 °С has sufficient strength and open porosity of 20 % with a total porosity of 37 %. Rising temperature in this method leads to an increase in the particle size in the nanopowder volume to a micron size and partial destruction of hollow submicron spheres. It was found during the study that the phase composition of samples obtained is identical to the phase composition of initial powders. However, for a series of samples obtained by hot pressing and SPS in the nanopowder volume, there is a directed growth of crystals towards the highest electrical and thermal conductivity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit001">001</xref>] along the punch axis. This is due to the temperature gradient between the powder volume and punches and the lowest value of the plane surface energy (110), which includes direction [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit001">001</xref>].</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>α-Fe2O3</kwd><kwd>нанопорошки</kwd><kwd>полые субмикросферы</kwd><kwd>искровое плазменное спекание</kwd><kwd>горячее прессование</kwd><kwd>разноуровневая пористость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>α-Fe2O3</kwd><kwd>nanopowders</kwd><kwd>hollow submicrospheres</kwd><kwd>spark plasma sintering (SPS)</kwd><kwd>hot pressing (HP)</kwd><kwd>multilevel porosity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20-38-90166</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was funded by RFBR as part of Scientific Project No. 20-38-90166</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liang Feng-Xia, Liang Lin, Zhao Xing-Yuan, Tong Xiao- Wei, Hu Ji-Gang, Lin Yi, Luo Lin-Bao, Wu Yu-Cheng. 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