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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">powder</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Порошковая металлургия и функциональные покрытия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Powder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings (Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional'nye Pokrytiya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-308X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8767</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ "МИСИС"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/1997-308X-2021-4-30-37</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">powder-631</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Самораспространяющийся высокотемпературный синтез</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS)</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экзотермический синтез бинарных твердых растворов  на основе карбидов гафния и циркония</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Exothermic synthesis of binary solid solutions based on hafnium  and zirconium carbides</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербаков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. физ.-мат. наук, зав. лабораторией энергетического стимулирования физико-химических процессов</p><p>142432, Московская обл., Ногинский р-н, г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys-Math.), head of the Laboratory of energy stimulation of physical and chemical processes</p><p>142432, Moscow region, Noginsk district, Chernogolovka, Academician Osip’yan str., 8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimir@ism.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грядунов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gryadunov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаборатории энергетического стимулирования физико-химических процессов</p><p>142432, Московская обл., Ногинский р-н, г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Phys-Math.), leading researcher of the Laboratory of energy stimulation of physical and chemical processes</p><p>142432, Moscow region, Noginsk district, Chernogolovka, Academician Osip’yan str., 8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gryadunov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алымов</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alymov</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. техн. наук, проф., чл.-кор. РАН, директор</p><p>142432, Московская обл., Ногинский р-н, г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), prof., corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, director</p><p>142432, Moscow region, Noginsk district, Chernogolovka, Academician Osip’yan str., 8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">director@ism.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения им. А.Г. Мержанова РАН (ИСМАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISMAN)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щербаков В.А., Грядунов А.Н., Алымов М.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щербаков В.А., Грядунов А.Н., Алымов М.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shcherbakov V.A., Gryadunov A.N., Alymov M.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/631">https://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/631</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены результаты экспериментального исследования возможности получения одностадийным методом электротеплового взрыва (ЭТВ) под давлением ультратугоплавких керамик, представляющих собой твердые растворы карбидов HfC и ZrC. На основе термодинамических данных рассчитаны адиабатическая температура горения и  фазовый состав равновесного конечного продукта. Показано, что при содержании в конечном продукте менее 20 мас.%  ZrC адиабатическая температура горения достигает 3800–3900 К, а продукт горения содержит карбиды гафния и циркония. Изучено влияние режимов механического активирования в планетарной центробежной мельнице АГО-2 реакционной смеси, содержащей порошки Hf, Zr и C, на ее характеристики, формирование фазового состава и микроструктуру  твердых растворов карбидов. Установлено, что при высокоэнергетическом смешивании в гексане происходит разрушение кристаллической структуры частиц Hf и Zr и образование аморфных композитных частиц. Синтезированные образцы  ультратугоплавкой керамики изучены методами рентгенофазового и микроструктурного анализов. Показано, что в ходе  экзотермического синтеза формируются однофазные твердые растворы карбидов HfC и ZrC, средний размер частиц которых составляет 0,2–1,5 мкм. Остаточная пористость полученных бинарных карбидов находится в интервале 10–12 %.  Выявлено, что, несмотря на высокую температуру нагрева образца в ходе ЭТВ под давлением, размер частиц полученных  твердых растворов значительно (на порядок) меньше размера частиц аналогичных сложных карбидов (20–50 мкм), полученных другими методами (SPS и горячим прессованием), что связано с быстротечностью экзотермического взаимодействия реагентов (10–50 мс) в ходе ЭТВ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents the results of an experimental study into the possibility of producing ultra-high temperature ceramics  constituting solid solutions of HfC and ZrC carbides by the single-stage electro-thermal explosion (ETE) method under pressure.  Adiabatic flame temperature and phase composition of the equilibrium final product were calculated based on thermodynamic  data. It was shown that when the ZrC content in the final product is less than 20 wt.%, adiabatic flame temperature reaches 3800– 3900 K, and the combustion product contains hafnium and zirconium carbides. The effect of mechanical activation modes in an  AGO-2 planetary centrifugal mill used for a reaction mixture containing Hf, Zr and C powders on its properties, phase composition  formation and the microstructure of carbide solid solutions was studied. It was shown that high-energy mixing in hexane leads to  the destruction of the crystal structure of Hf and Zr particles and the formation of amorphous composite particles. The synthesized  samples of ultra-high temperature ceramics were studied by X-ray phase and microstructure analyzes. It was shown that exothermic  synthesis leads to the formation of single-phase solid solutions of HfC and ZrC carbides with the average particle size of 0.2–1.5 μm.  The residual porosity of the binary carbides obtained is 10–12 %. It was found that, despite the high temperature of sample heating  during ETE under pressure, the particle size of the resulting solid solutions is significantly (by an order of magnitude) smaller than  the particle size of similar complex carbides (20–50 μm) obtained by other methods (SPS and hot pressing). This is associated with  the rapidity of the exothermic interaction of the reagents (10–50 ms) during ETE.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экзотермический синтез</kwd><kwd>электротепловой взрыв</kwd><kwd>механоактивация</kwd><kwd>ультратугоплавкая керамика</kwd><kwd>твердые растворы</kwd><kwd>HfС и ZrС</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>exothermic synthesis</kwd><kwd>electro-thermal explosion</kwd><kwd>mechanical activation</kwd><kwd>microstructure</kwd><kwd>ultra-high temperature ceramics</kwd><kwd>binary carbides</kwd><kwd>HfC and ZrC</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке  Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований  (грант № 19-08-01085 А) с использованием оборудования  Центра коллективного пользования ИСМАН</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out with  the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic  Research (Grant № 19-08-01085 A) using the equipment  of the ISMAN common use center</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chandran B.S.N., Devapal D., Veedu P.P. 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