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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">powder</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Порошковая металлургия и функциональные покрытия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Powder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings (Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional'nye Pokrytiya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-308X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8767</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ "МИСИС"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/1997-308X-2022-2-22-37</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">powder-697</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Самораспространяющийся высокотемпературный синтез</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS)</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Азидный самораспространяющийся высокотемпературный синтез высокодисперсных керамических нитридно-карбидных порошковых композиций TiN–SiC</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Azide self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of highly dispersed TiN–SiC ceramic nitride-carbide powder composites</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доцент кафедры металловедения, порошковой металлургии, наноматериалов (МПМН)</p><p>443100, г. Самара, ул. Молодогвардейская, 244</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate prof., Department of metallurgy, powder metallurgy, nanomaterials (MPMN)</p><p>443100, Russia, Samara, Molodogvardeyskaya str., 244</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">titova600@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амосов</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amosov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. физ.-мат. наук, проф., зав. кафедрой МПМН</p><p>г. Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Prof., Head of the Department of MPMN</p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egundor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майдан</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maidan</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доцент кафедры МПМН</p><p>г. Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate prof., Department of MPMN</p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mtm.samgtu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белова</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belova</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры МПМН</p><p>г. Самара</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate student, Department of MPMN</p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galya.belova.94@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минеханова</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minekhanova</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры МПМН</p><p>г. Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate student, Department of MPMN</p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">minekhanovaaf@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский государственный технический университет (СамГТУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Technical University (SamSTU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Титова Ю.В., Амосов А.П., Майдан Д.А., Белова Г.С., Минеханова А.Ф., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Титова Ю.В., Амосов А.П., Майдан Д.А., Белова Г.С., Минеханова А.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Titova Y.V., Amosov A.P., Maidan D.A., Belova G.S., Minekhanova A.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/697">https://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/697</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрено применение процесса азидного самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза (СВС-Аз) для получения высокодисперсной порошковой керамической композиции TiN–SiC с теоретическим мольным соотношением нитридной и карбидной фаз от 1 : 4 до 4 : 1 с использованием процесса горения смесей порошковых реагентов соответствующего состава: азида натрия NaN3, галоидных солей (NH4)2TiF6, (NH4)2SiF6, Na2SiF6, титана, кремния и углерода, в атмосфере газообразного азота. Термодинамические расчеты с применением компьютерной программы Thermo показали оптимальное давление азота в реакторе около 4 МПа и что в зависимости от состава реагентов конечный состав продуктов СВС-Аз может быть совершенно разным: включать только целевые фазы (TiN–SiC); наряду с целевыми фазами содержать примеси фаз нитрида кремния и свободного углерода (TiN–SiC–Si3N4–C); состоять только из фаз нитридов и свободного углерода (TiN–Si3N4–C). Установлено, что в случае применения галоидной соли (NH4)2TiF6 образуются только целевые фазы TiN и SiC при любом соотношении нитридной и карбидной фаз в конечном составе порошковой композиции. При использовании галоидных солей (NH4)2SiF6 и Na2SiF6 целевые фазы TiN и SiC синтезируются при повышенном содержании титана в составе реагентов, т.е. только в случаях получения композиций с повышенным содержанием нитридной фазы TiN : SiC = 2 : 1 и 4 : 1. Экспериментальные исследования продуктов горения с применением растровой электронной микроскопии, энергодисперсионного и рентгенофазового методов анализа показали, что они существенно отличаются от теоретических составов продуктов полным отсутствием или сильно пониженным количеством фазы SiC в конечном составе порошковых композиций, синтезированных в режиме горения шихт с углеродом в насыпном состоянии, и в то же время отсутствием свободного углерода в конечном составе полученных порошков. Такое отличие объяснено тем, что при инициировании горения смеси порошков кремния и углерода сначала на первой стадии происходит синтез нитрида кремния с подъемом температуры до высоких значений, превышающих примерно 1900 °С, при которых синтезированный Si3N4 диссоциирует, а затем на второй стадии возникающий кремний реагирует с углеродом, образуя SiC, более стабильный при высоких температурах. Но при горении очень мелкие легкие частицы технического углерода (сажи) могут удаляться (выдуваться) из горящего высокопористого шихтового образца насыпной плотности выделяющимися на первой стадии горения газами и не участвовать в превращении Si3N4 в SiC. В связи с этим в случаях сжигания шихт с небольшим содержанием углерода карбид кремния или совсем отсутствует, или образуется в малом количестве по сравнению с теоретически возможным, а основным компонентом композиции остается нитрид кремния Si3N4. При сжигании шихт с большим содержанием углерода формируется заметное количество SiC, но оно значительно меньше возможного теоретического, разница между которыми замещается содержанием нитрида кремния. Таким образом, впервые экспериментально показана возможность применения процесса СВС для получения композиций высокодисперсных керамических порошков TiN–Si3N4 и TiN–Si3N4–SiC, состоящих из смеси наноразмерных (менее 100 нм) и субмикронных (от 100 до 500 нм) частиц при сравнительно малом содержании примеси свободного кремния (менее 1,4 %).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study covers the method of azide self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS-Az) to obtain a highly dispersed TiN–SiC ceramic composite with a theoretical ratio of nitride and carbide phases from 1 : 4 to 4 : 1 (in moles) using the combustion of the corresponding composition of powder reagent mixtures: NaN3 sodium azide, (NH4)2TiF6, (NH4)2SiF6 and Na2SiF6 halide salts, titanium, silicon and carbon in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. Thermodynamic calculations using the Thermo computer program showed that the optimum nitrogen pressure in the reactor is about 4 MPa, and the final composition of SHS-Az products can be completely different depending on the composition of reagents: it may include only target phases (TiN–SiC), contain silicon nitride and free carbon phases impurities (TiN–SiC–Si3N4–C) along with the target phases or consist only of nitride and free carbon phases (TiN–Si3N4–C). It was found that only target TiN and SiC phases are formed when using halide salt (NH4)2TiF6, at any ratio of nitride and carbide phases in the final powder composition. In cases where halide salts (NH4)2SiF6 and Na2SiF6 are used, target  TiN and SiC phases are synthesized with an increased titanium content in reagents, i.e. only when composites of the 2TiN–SiC and 4TiN–SiC with an increased content nitride phase are obtained. Experimental studies of combustion products using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion analysis and X-ray phase analysis showed that they differ significantly from the theoretical compositions of products by the completely absent or significantly reduced SiC phase content in the final composition of powder composites synthesized during the combustion of bulk charge with carbon, and at the same time the absence of free carbon in the final composition of powder composites obtained. This difference is explained by the fact that when the combustion of a silicon and carbon powder mixture is initiated, silicon nitride is synthesized at the first stage with the temperature rising to high values of about over 1900 °C, at which the synthesized Si3N4 dissociates, and then at the second stage the resulting silicon reacts with carbon to form SiC that is more stable at high temperatures. But during combustion, very small light particles of carbon black (soot) may be removed (blown out) from a burning highly porous charge sample of bulk density by gases released at the first stage of combustion and not participate in the transformation of Si3N4 into SiC. In this regard, in case of low-carbon charge combustion, silicon carbide either does not form at all, or it is formed in small quantities compared to the theoretically possible amount, and Si3N4 silicon nitride remains the main component of the composite. A noticeable amount of SiC is formed only when burning high-carbon charges, but this amount is significantly less than the possible theoretical one, and the difference between them is replaced by the silicon nitride content. Therefore, it was experimentally shown for the first time that the SHS process can be used to obtain composites of highly dispersed ceramic powders TiN–Si3N4 and TiN–Si3N4–SiC consisting of a mixture of nanoscale (less than 100 nm) and submicron (100 to 500 nm) particles with a relatively low content of free silicon admixture (less than 1.4 %).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>азид натрия</kwd><kwd>гексафтортитанат аммония</kwd><kwd>гексафторсикат натрия</kwd><kwd>гексфторсиликат аммония</kwd><kwd>горение</kwd><kwd>самораспространяющийся высокотемпературный синтез (СВС)</kwd><kwd>порошковые композиции</kwd><kwd>нитридно-карбидные композиции</kwd><kwd>TiN–SiC</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sodium azide</kwd><kwd>ammonium hexafluorotitanate</kwd><kwd>sodium hexafluorosilicate</kwd><kwd>ammonium hexafluorosilicate</kwd><kwd>combustion</kwd><kwd>self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS)</kwd><kwd>powder compositions</kwd><kwd>nitride-carbide compositions</kwd><kwd>TiN–SiC</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках проекта № 20-08-00298.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-08-00298.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рыжонков Д.И., Левина В.В., Дзидзигури Э.Л. 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