powderИзвестия вузов. Порошковая металлургия и функциональные покрытияPowder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings (Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional'nye Pokrytiya)1997-308X2412-8767НИТУ "МИСИС"10.17073/1997-308X-2023-4-25-33powder-847Research ArticleТугоплавкие, керамические и композиционные материалыRefractory, Ceramic, and Composite MaterialsМногокритериальная оптимизация механической обработки шихты композиционного материала Pb–CMulticriteria optimization of mechanical processing for Pb–C composite charge materialhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7172-6090ВасильевА. Н.VasilievA. N.

Александр Николаевич Васильев – аспирант кафедры технологии машиностроения, технологических машин и оборудования

Россия, 346428, Ростовская обл., г. Новочеркасск, ул. Просвещения, 132

Aleksandr N. Vasiliev – Postgraduate Student of the Department of Engineering Technology, Technological Machines and Equip­ment

132 Prosveshcheniya Str., Novocherkassk, Rostov Region 346428, Russia

sasha_vasilev55@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6718-4591СергеенкоС. Н.SergeenkoS. N.

Сергей Николаевич Сергеенко – к.т.н., доцент кафедры технологии машиностроения, технологических машин и оборудования

Россия, 346428, Ростовская обл., г. Новочеркасск, ул. Просвещения, 132

Sergey N. Sergeenko – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Prof. of the Department of Engineering Technology, Technological Machines and Equipment

132 Prosveshcheniya Str., Novocherkassk, Rostov Region 346428, Russia

sergeenko@gmail.comЮжно-Российский государственный политехнический университет им. М.И. Платова (НПИ)РоссияPlatov South Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI)Russian Federation2023301220231742533Copyright © НИТУ "МИСИС", 20232023НИТУ "МИСИС"НИТУ "МИСИС"https://powder.misis.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/847

Изучена двухэтапная обработка в высокоэнергетической мельнице в воздушной среде шихты композиционного порошкового материала Pb–C на основе порошков свинца (ПС1) и графита (ГИСМ). Установлено влияние содержания графита (Сг ) и времени механоактивации (τ) на гранулометрический состав шихты. Показано, что распределение частиц по размерам может быть описано уравнением Розина–Раммлера. Выявлена взаимосвязь между значениями параметров этого уравнения и уровнем качества получаемых горячепрессованных материалов, а также величиной показателя, оцениваемого значениями обобщенной функции желательности. Рассмотрен механизм формирования порошковой шихты Pb–C в процессе механоактивации, связанный с образованием малосвязанных агломератов композиционных частиц, легко разрушающихся при ручной обработке шихты в ступке. Установлено, что экстремум функции распределения частиц по размерам смещается в область меньших значений средних размеров композиционных частиц Pb–C, составляющих агломераты. Выявлено, что размер образованных агломератов зависит от содержания графита в шихте и времени механической обработки. На основе многокритериальной оптимизации определены оптимальные значения технологических факторов (τ = 1,8 кс, Сг = 0,15 мас. %) приготовления шихты, полученной в режиме двухэтапной механической обработки, обеспечивающие повышенный комплекс физико-механических свойств (прочность на срез σср = 6,3 МПа, твердость HRR = 109, электропроводность L = 1,812 Ом–1) горячепрессованного композиционного материала Pb–С. В результате рентгеноструктурного анализа выявлено формирование оксидов свинца в процессе механоактивации шихты Pb–C, а также увеличение полуширины дифракционного профиля линий (111) и (222) и последующее ее снижение после операции горячего прессования. Получены сравнительные данные применения стружковых отходов на основе свинца и композиционных материалов на основе порошка свинца, свидетельствующие о более низком оптимальном содержании графита в случае использования порошка свинца ПС1 (Сг = 0,15 мас. %), чем стружковых отходов (Сг = 0,5 мас. %).

This study investigates a two-stage processing approach for a charge of Pb–C composite powder material composed of lead (PS1) and graphite (GISM) powders in a high-energy mill under ambient air conditions. The study aims to determine the influence of graphite content (Cg ) and mechanical activation time (τ) on the particle size distribution of the charge. The results indicate that the particle size distribution can be effectively described using the Rosin–Rammler equation. Furthermore, a correlation between the equation's parameters and the quality of the resulting hot compacted materials, as well as an index derived from the generalized desirability function, has been identified. The study delves into the mechanism behind the formation of the Pb–C powder charge during mechanical activation, which involves the creation of loosely bound agglomerates of composite particles. These agglomerates can be easily disrupted during manual processing of the charge in a mortar. Notably, the research reveals that the extremum of the particle size distribution shifts towards smaller average sizes of the Pb–C composite particles that constitute the agglomerates. The size of these formed agglomerates is shown to depend on both the graphite content in the charge and the duration of mechanical processing. Using multicriteria optimization, the study identifies the optimal values for technological factors (τ = 1.8 ks, Cg = 0.15 wt. %) for charge preparation in the two-stage mechanical processing mode. These optimal values result in an enhanced set of physical and mechanical properties for the Pb–C hot-compacted composite material, including shear strength (σshear = 6.3 MPa), hardness (HRR = 109), and electrical conductivity (L = 1.812 Ω–1) of Pb–C. X-ray diffraction analysis conducted during the study reveals the formation of lead oxides during the mechanical activation of the Pb–C charge. Additionally, it indicates an increase in the half-width of the diffraction profile of lines (111) and (222), which subsequently decreases after the hot-compaction process. Comparative data involving the use of lead-based chip waste and lead powder-based composites are also presented in the study. These data suggest that a lower optimum graphite content is required for lead powder PS1 (Cg = 0.15 wt. %) compared to chip waste (Cg = 0.5 wt. %).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.