powderИзвестия вузов. Порошковая металлургия и функциональные покрытияPowder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings (Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional'nye Pokrytiya)1997-308X2412-8767НИТУ "МИСИС"10.17073/1997-308X-2024-6-5-16powder-935Research ArticleСамораспространяющийся высокотемпературный синтезSelf-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS)Самораспространяющийся высокотемпературный синтез высокоэнтропийных материалов: ОбзорSelf-propagating high-temperature synthesis of high-entropy materials: A reviewhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-7021-7156БобожановА. Р.BobozhanovA. R.

Анис Рахмонович Бобожанов – мл. науч. сотрудник, аспирант лаборатории динамики микрогетерогенных процессов

Россия, 142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Акад. Осипьяна, 8

Anis R. Bobozhanov – Junior Researcher, Postgraduate Student of the Laboratory of Dynamics of Microheterogeneous Processes

8 Academician Osip’yan Str., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia

bobozhanov.anis@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1554-0803РогачевА. С.RogachevA. S.

Александр Сергеевич Рогачев – д.ф.-м.н., проф., гл. науч. сот­рудник лаборатории динамики микрогетерогенных процессов

Россия, 142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Акад. Осипьяна, 8

Alexander S. Rogachev – Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Prof., Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Dynamics of Microheterogeneous Processes

8 Academician Osip’yan Str., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia

rogachev@ism.ac.ruИнститут структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения им. А.Г. Мержанова Российской академии наукРоссияMerzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202416122024186516Copyright © Бобожанов А.Р., Рогачев А.С., 20242024Бобожанов А.Р., Рогачев А.С.Bobozhanov A.R., Rogachev A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/935

Высокоэнтропийные сплавы и соединения, первые исследования которых были опубликованы в 2004 г., представляют новый класс материалов, перспективных для использования во многих технологиях и производствах. В настоящее время они включают в себя металлические сплавы на основе разупорядоченных твердых растворов, керамические материалы на основе многокомпонентных оксидов, боридов, карбидов, силицидов, нитридов и их комбинаций, а также керамико-металлические композиты. Среди методов получения высокоэнтропийных материалов, таких как кристаллизация многокомпонентных расплавов, механическое сплавление в шаровых мельницах и др., особое место занимает самораспространяющийся высокотемпературный синтез (СВС). В обзоре представлено современное состояние исследований и разработок высокотемпературных материалов, получаемых с использованием метода СВС. Показано, что синтез металлических высокоэнтропийных сплавов методом СВС возможен только при использовании термически сопряженных реакций. Это реализуется в процессах металлотермического типа, а также в синтезе керамико-металлических композитов из элементов. Осуществление СВС тугоплавких высокоэнтропийных карбидов, нитридов, боридов и других соединений возможно и по классической схеме синтеза из элементов. При этом эффективным оказывается сочетание СВС с предварительным механическим сплавлением металлических компонентов. Для консолидации порошковых продуктов СВС чаще всего используется электроискровое плазменное спекание. Рассмотрен также метод синтеза горением растворов для получения высокоэнтропийной керамики на основе оксидов. Показано, что технология СВС в сочетании с механическим активированием, механосплавлением, электроискровым плазменным спеканием и горячим прессованием позволяет решать многие практические задачи получения разнообразных керамических, керамико-металлических и металлических материалов на основе высокоэнтропийных фаз.

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) and compounds, first studied in 2004, represent a new class of materials with promising applications across various technologies and industries. Currently, they include metallic alloys based on disordered solid solutions, ceramic materials based on multicomponent oxides, borides, carbides, silicides, nitrides, and their combinations, as well as ceramic-metal composites. Among the methods for producing high-entropy materials, such as the crystallization of multicomponent melts, mechanical alloying in ball mills, and others, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) holds a special place. This review presents the current state of research and development on high-temperature materials produced using the SHS method. It has been shown that the synthesis of metallic high-entropy alloys via SHS is only possible when thermally coupled reactions are employed. This is realized in metallothermic processes and in the synthesis of ceramic-metal composites from elements. The SHS of refractory high-entropy carbides, nitrides, borides, and other compounds can also be performed following the classical element-based synthesis approach. At the same time, the combination of SHS with pre-mechanical alloying of metallic components proves to be effective. For the consolidation of SHS-produced powder products, spark plasma sintering is most commonly used. Additionally, the method of solution combustion synthesis for producing high-entropy ceramics based on oxides is discussed. It has been demonstrated that SHS technology, combined with mechanical activation, mechanical alloying, electric spark plasma sintering, and hot pressing, allows for solving many practical problems in the production of a variety of ceramic, ceramic-metal, and metallic materials based on high-entropy phases.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.