powderИзвестия вузов. Порошковая металлургия и функциональные покрытияPowder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings (Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional'nye Pokrytiya)1997-308X2412-8767НИТУ "МИСИС"10.17073/1997-308X-2025-1-30-39powder-952Research ArticleТугоплавкие, керамические и композиционные материалыRefractory, Ceramic, and Composite MaterialsКристаллическая структура углеродных волокон на основе полиакрилонитрила и вискозы после высокотемпературной обработки в интервале температур 1500–2800 °СCrystalline structure of polyacrylonitrile- and viscose-based carbon fibers following high-temperature treatment in the range of 1500–2800 °Chttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3924-2616КлеусовБ. С.KleusovB. S.

Борис Сергеевич Клеусов – ст. науч. сотрудник Испытательного центра

Россия, 111524, г. Москва, ул. Электродная, 2, стр. 1

Boris S. Kleusov – Senior Researcher, Testing Center

1 Bld, 2 Electrodnaya Str., Moscow 111524, Russia

BSKleusov@rosatom.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9861-905XСамойловВ. М.SamoilovV. M.

Владимир Маркович Самойлов – гл. науч. сотрудник

Россия, 111524, г. Москва, ул. Электродная, 2, стр. 1

Vladimir M. Samoilov – Chief Researcher

1 Bld, 2 Electrodnaya Str., Moscow 111524, Russia

vmsamoylov@rosatom.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-3167-8924ЕльчаниноваВ. А.ElchaninovaV. A.

Виктория Андреевна Ельчанинова – науч. сотрудник

Россия, 111524, г. Москва, ул. Электродная, 2, стр. 1

Victoria A. Elchavinova – Researcher

1 Bld, 2 Electrodnaya Str., Moscow 111524, Russia

Viaelchaninova@rosatom.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-4239-1145БудушинД. А.BudushinD. A.

Дмитрий Алексеевич Будушин – стажер-исследователь 

Россия, 111524, г. Москва, ул. Электродная, 2, стр. 1

Dmitry A. Budushin – Intern Researcher

1 Bld, 2 Electrodnaya Str., Moscow 111524, Russia

DABudushin@rosatom.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-3381-855XЛитовченкоЕ. М.LitovchenkoE. M.

Егор Максимович Литовченко – студент

Россия, 125480, г. Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, 20, корп. 1, стр. 2

Egor M. Litovchenko – Student

1 Bld, 20 Geroev Panfilovtsev Str., Moscow 125480, Russia

litovtch.egor@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-0028-9411ПоплавскаяА. С.PoplavskayaA. S.

Анна Сергеевна Поплавская – инженер

Россия, 111524, г. Москва, ул. Электродная, 2, стр. 1

Anna S. Poplavskaya – Engineer

1 Bld, 2 Electrodnaya Str., Moscow 111524, Russia

ASPoplavskaya@rosatom.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-2684-1665ВоронцовВ. А.VorontsovV. A.

Владимир Алексеевич Воронцов – руководитель направления 

Россия, 111524, г. Москва, ул. Электродная, 2, стр. 1

Vladimir A. Vorontsov – Department Head

1 Bld, 2 Electrodnaya Str., Moscow 111524, Russia

VlAVorontsov@rosatom.ruАО «Научно-исследовательский институт конструкционных материалов на основе графита» им. С.Е. ВяткинаРоссияJSC “Scientific Research Institute of Structural Materials based on graphite named after S.E. Vyatkin”Russian FederationРоссийский химико-технологический университет им. Д.И. МенделееваРоссияD.I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical TechnologyRussian Federation2025220220251913039Copyright © НИТУ "МИСИС", 20252025НИТУ "МИСИС"НИТУ "МИСИС"https://powder.misis.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://powder.misis.ru/jour/article/view/952

Методами рентгеновского дифракционного анализа и спектроскопии комбинационного рассеяния проведено исследование кристаллической структуры углеродных волокон (УВ) на основе полиакрилонитрила (ПАН) и вискозы, обработанных в диапазоне температур от 1500 до 2800 °С. Целью исследования было получение данных о структуре низкомодульных волокон на основе вискозы, имеющих широкое применение в качестве наполнителей композиционных материалов, а также сравнение характеристик УВ на основе разных прекурсоров. Получена эмпирическая зависимость отношения интенсивностей линий D и G (ID /IG ) спектров комбинационного рассеяния от температуры обработки для углеродных волокон на основе вискозы и ПАН. Проведена оценка размеров кристаллитов (La и Lc ) обоих типов УВ, полученных при различных температурах обработки. Выявлено, что с ростом температуры обработки волокон происходит увеличение размеров кристаллитов La и Lc , а межслоевое расстояние (d002 ) уменьшается, что указывает на повышение степени графитации. Установлено, что углеродные волокна на основе вискозы имеют менее совершенную кристаллическую структуру по сравнению с ПАН-волокнами, обработанными в тех же условиях. Также были исследованы истинная плотность и модуль упругости УВ на основе вискозы, у которых оказались более низкие значения, чем у ПАН-волокон с той же температурой обработки. Данные различия в свойствах и структуре УВ обусловлены микротекстурированностью вискозного волокна. Однако в процессе обработки при температуре 2800 °С УВ претерпевают частичную графитацию, что в значительной степени нивелирует структурные различия между волокнами обоих видов. Тем не менее, несмотря на сходство кристаллической структуры, УВ на основе вискозы даже после высокотемпературной обработки не становятся аналогом ПАН-волокна.

The crystalline structure of carbon fibers (CF) based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and viscose precursors, treated in the tempe­rature range of 1500 to 2800 °C, was studied using X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The objective of the study was to obtain data on the structure of low-modulus viscose-based fibers, which are widely used as fillers in composite materials, and to compare the characteristics of CF derived from different precursors. An empirical dependence of the intensity ratio of the D and G lines (ID /IG ) of the Raman spectra on the treatment temperature was established for carbon fibers based on viscose and PAN. The crystallite sizes La and Lc of both types of CF obtained at different treatment temperatures were evaluated. It was revealed that as the treatment temperature increases, the crystallite sizes La and Lc grow, while the interlayer spacing d002​ decreases, indicating an increase in the degree of graphitization. It was found that viscose-based carbon fibers exhibit a less ordered crystalline structure compared to PAN fibers processed under the same conditions. Additionally, the true density and elastic modulus of viscose-based CF were investigated, showing lower values than those of PAN fibers treated at the same temperature. These differences in the properties and structure of CF are attributed to the microtextured nature of viscose fibers. However, during treatment at 2800 °C, CF undergo partial graphitization, which significantly reduces structural differences between fibers of both types. Nevertheless, despite the similarity in crystalline structure, viscose-based CF, even after high-temperature treatment, does not become analogous to PAN-based fibers.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.