Exothermic synthesis of binary solid solutions based on hafnium and zirconium carbides
https://doi.org/10.17073/1997-308X-2021-4-30-37
Abstract
The paper presents the results of an experimental study into the possibility of producing ultra-high temperature ceramics constituting solid solutions of HfC and ZrC carbides by the single-stage electro-thermal explosion (ETE) method under pressure. Adiabatic flame temperature and phase composition of the equilibrium final product were calculated based on thermodynamic data. It was shown that when the ZrC content in the final product is less than 20 wt.%, adiabatic flame temperature reaches 3800– 3900 K, and the combustion product contains hafnium and zirconium carbides. The effect of mechanical activation modes in an AGO-2 planetary centrifugal mill used for a reaction mixture containing Hf, Zr and C powders on its properties, phase composition formation and the microstructure of carbide solid solutions was studied. It was shown that high-energy mixing in hexane leads to the destruction of the crystal structure of Hf and Zr particles and the formation of amorphous composite particles. The synthesized samples of ultra-high temperature ceramics were studied by X-ray phase and microstructure analyzes. It was shown that exothermic synthesis leads to the formation of single-phase solid solutions of HfC and ZrC carbides with the average particle size of 0.2–1.5 μm. The residual porosity of the binary carbides obtained is 10–12 %. It was found that, despite the high temperature of sample heating during ETE under pressure, the particle size of the resulting solid solutions is significantly (by an order of magnitude) smaller than the particle size of similar complex carbides (20–50 μm) obtained by other methods (SPS and hot pressing). This is associated with the rapidity of the exothermic interaction of the reagents (10–50 ms) during ETE.
Keywords
exothermic synthesis,
electro-thermal explosion,
mechanical activation,
microstructure,
ultra-high temperature ceramics,
binary carbides,
HfC and ZrC
Supporting agencies: The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant № 19-08-01085 A) using the equipment of the ISMAN common use center
About the Authors
V. A. Shcherbakov
Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISMAN)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Dr. Sci. (Phys-Math.), head of the Laboratory of energy stimulation of physical and chemical processes
142432, Moscow region, Noginsk district, Chernogolovka, Academician Osip’yan str., 8
A. N. Gryadunov
Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISMAN)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Cand. Sci. (Phys-Math.), leading researcher of the Laboratory of energy stimulation of physical and chemical processes
142432, Moscow region, Noginsk district, Chernogolovka, Academician Osip’yan str., 8
M. I. Alymov
Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISMAN)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Dr. Sci. (Eng.), prof., corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, director
142432, Moscow region, Noginsk district, Chernogolovka, Academician Osip’yan str., 8
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Review
For citations:
Shcherbakov V.A., Gryadunov A.N., Alymov M.I. Exothermic synthesis of binary solid solutions based on hafnium and zirconium carbides. Powder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings (Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional'nye Pokrytiya). 2021;(4):30-37. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17073/1997-308X-2021-4-30-37
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