Using explosion loading to obtain coatings of chromium carbide and titanium mixtures in deposition mode

The paper presents the results of studies into the microstructure, chemical and phase composition of coatings deposited on a steel substrate using the sliding explosive loading of Cr₃C₂ chromium carbide and titanium powder mixtures. The equilibrium phase composition of coatings was calculated by computational thermodynamic modeling using the Thermo-Calc software package. The structure and elemental composition were studied using a FEI Versa 3D scanning electron microscope with an integrated EDAX Apollo X system for energy dispersive X-ray microprobe analysis. A Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer was used for X-ray phase analysis. It was shown that when the powder layer is loaded by a sliding detonation wave, it can be shifted along the substrate surface due to the horizontal mass velocity component of compacted material particles. This shift causes the inner layer of the compacted powder and the surface layer of the substrate to melt as a result of friction. The presence of a liquid phase prevents the compacted powder layer deceleration so that the major part of it is removed from the substrate surface. The liquid phase remaining on the surface undergoes rapid quenching due to heat removal into the substrate and forms a deposited coating containing both the components of the initial powder mixture and the components of the substrate to be coated. It was established that the deposited layer structure features by extremely high dispersion (grain size does not exceed 250 nm), and its phase composition turns out to be close to a thermodynamically equilibrium one. When using powder mixtures of chromium carbide with 40% titanium, a coating is formed consisting of titanium carbide with a metal binder based on solid solutions of iron and titanium in chromium.

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