Magazine «Powder Metallurgy and Multifunctional Coatings. News ofHigher School»
Contents V. 1, 2012
POWDER PRODUCING PROCESSES AND PROPERTIES
Boiko V. F., Vlasova N. M., Zaitsev A. V.
Estimation of surface tension of WC, WC–W2C tungsten carbides fromthe results
of laser diffraction analysis of their fine crushing together withiron powder
The data are presented for experimental determination of surfacetension coefficient (?) of WC, WC–W2C tungsten carbides by their simultaneous
grinding with iron powder in PM 400 planetary mill. An estimation of? coefficients and a confidence interval of their expected values aredetermined.
Key words: surface tension, planetarymill, diffraction analysis, specific surface.
POWDER PRODUCING PROCESSES AND PROPERTIES
Sokolovskaya E. E., Osipova M. L., Murashova I. B., Darintseva A.B., Saveliev A. M.,
Mukhamadeyev F. F.
Analysis of structural deposit changes of the base of industrialelectrolysis monitoring for copper powders of different brands
The article is connected with the problem of blending for PMfabrications. The main requirements are imposed to specific surface and topacked den-
sity of small fraction powders of basic brands: ПМЛ0, ПМС-1 and GG. Under the industrialexperimental conditions, the dynamics of dendrite depo-
sit growth has been studied for mentioned powder brands by means ofperiodic electrode lifting over the solution accompanied by their photo- and
videosurveying with simultaneous registration of cathodeovervoltage. The procedure has been developed and the results of simultaneousdendrite
growth monitoring by direct dipping of videocamera into electrolyteare presented. The statistic estimate has been performed for reproducibility of
the obtained results. On the base of simulation of galvanostaticcrystallization of dendritic deposit on rod electrode the calculation ofgrowing tip
density (N) dynamics and their radius (rв)change on deposit growth front has been performed. By means of the AV-analysisit has been ascertained
that the structural parameters N and rв areindividual for every powder brand so the blending should be performed with thepowder obtained un-
der stringent control of electrolysis conditions.
Key words: growth dynamics, copperpowder, electrocrystallisation, deposit photo- and videosurveying, cathodeovervoltage record, tips of grow-
ing dendrites, density of tips on deposit growth front, differentpowder brands, AV-analysis.
POWDER PRODUCING PROCESSES AND PROPERTIES
Il’ina E. A., Dzidziguri E. L., Sidorova E. N.
Study of oxygen occurrence forms in hafnium nanopowders
Synthesis modes have been studied for the purpose of producinghafnium powders with the minimum oxygen content. The results of investigations
of the production effect on the oxygen occurrence forms in hafniumnanopowders are described. The works have been carried out with application of
the methods of analytical chemistry, X-ray diffractometry, andelectron microscopy. The data for phase and structural analysis, the results ofmicrosco-
pic methods of investigation, chemical analysis for oxygen, andstudies of specimens for dissolved gases are given.
Key words: hafnium, nanopowders, oxide,X-ray diffraction, structure, solid solution.
POWDER PRODUCING PROCESSES AND PROPERTIES
Popovich A. A., Razumov N. G., Silin A. O., Gyulikhandanov E. L.,Anoshkin I. V., Nasibulin A. G., Kauppinen Esko I.
Mechano-chemical synthesis of high-alloyed powder alloys of theFe–Cr–Ni–Mn–N system
The results of investigations of phase formation in producinghigh-alloyed powders of the Fe–Cr–Ni–Mn–N system by mechano-chemical synthesisin
different gas media are presented. The effect of mechano-activationtime on the distribution of alloying elements in the volume of a powderparticle
in alloy and the phase composition variation have been studied.Nanocrystalline structure of mechano-alloyed alloys of the Fe–18Cr–8Ni–12Mn–Nsys-
tem is shown. The process of hot plastic deformation of producedpowder alloy in shell has been investigated. Its effect on the fine structurehas
been studied.
Key words: nitrogen, ammonia,atmosphere, alloy, austenite, mechano-alloying, synthesis.
POWDER PRODUCING PROCESSES AND PROPERTIES
Lobova T. A., Balashov Yu. A., Rupasov S. I., Bodnarchuk V. I.
Peculiar properties of production of finely dispersed molybdenum
and tungsten diselenide powders by grinding in centrifugal planetarymills
This work presents the results obtained in the course of drygrinding process of molybdenum and tungsten diselenide powders in the planetarycen-
trifugal mill. Their effective grinding is shown to occur onlyduring the first three minutes in the mill. In the course of time, equilibriumbetween dis-
persion of particles and their aggregation is reached when thespecific surface is constant. The best results of the dispersion are obtainedwhen the
mill filling coefficient is equal to 0,7 and ball mass to materialmass ratio is 3 : 1.
Key words: solid lubrications, tungstendiselenide, molybdenum diselenide, grinding, planetary centrifugal mill,particle structure, aggregates
POWDER PRODUCING PROCESSES AND PROPERTIES
Lobova T. A., Balashov Yu. A., Rupasov S. I., Bodnarchuk V. I.
Peculiar properties of production of finely dispersed molybdenum
and tungsten diselenide powders by grinding in centrifugal planetarymills
This work presents the results obtained in the course of drygrinding process of molybdenum and tungsten diselenide powders in the planetarycen-
trifugal mill. Their effective grinding is shown to occur onlyduring the first three minutes in the mill. In the course of time, equilibriumbetween dis-
persion of particles and their aggregation is reached when thespecific surface is constant. The best results of the dispersion are obtainedwhen the
mill filling coefficient is equal to 0,7 and ball mass to materialmass ratio is 3 : 1.
Key words: solid lubrications, tungstendiselenide, molybdenum diselenide, grinding, planetary centrifugal mill,particle structure, aggregates.
THEORY AND PROCESSES OF POWDER MATERIAL FORMATION AND SINTERING
Rudskoy A. I., Kokorin V. N.
Compression of heterophase mechanical mixtures in the processes ofrecycling industrial waste (sludge) of iron industry .
The solid industrial waste utilization issues are considered for theferrous metallurgy. The main technological solutions for production of goodquali-
ty briquettes are used as secondary raw materials.
Key words: recycling, waste, technology,briquettes, raw.
THEORY AND PROCESSES OF POWDER MATERIAL FORMATION AND SINTERING
Krokhalyov A. V., Kharlamov V. O., Kuzmin S. V., Lysak V. I.
Regularities of hard alloy metal prepared from mixtures of chromiumcarbide
and titanium powders with the use of explosion energy
The process of explosive compacting of chrome carbide (Cr3C2) andtitanium powder mixtures has been investigated. The phase composition ofproduced alloys was investigated by X-ray energy-dispersive microanalysis. Itis established that the chemical composition of the alloy components undergo nochanges and no redistribution of elements between phases takes place. The effectof explosive loading modes on porosity and hardness
of powdered materials is found. During explosive compacting ofhigh-melting carbide powder mixtures with metals, the formation of consolidated
hard alloy metals is shown to be possible at the compacting stage.Using the electron microscopy, the formation features of interface regionsbetween
material components are investigated during shock-wave processing.It is established that powder heating-up temperature during shock-wavecompaction shall exceed (0,35?0,4)Тm , where Тm is the melting temperature of the basic alloy carbide, forformation of strong phase-to-phase surfaces.
Key words: chromium carbide, titanium, hard alloy metal, explosivecompacting of powders, powdered material consolidation, phase-to-phase surfaces,porosity, hardness.
REFRACTORY, CERAMIC, AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Sidorenko D. A., Zaitsev A. A., Kurbatkina V. V., Levashov E. A.,Anreyev V. A., Rupasov S. I., Sevastianov P. I.
The effect of carbon nanotube additives on structure and propertiesof metal binders for diamond cutting tools
A possibility of alloying powder alloy of the Fe–Cu–Co–Sn system bymultilayered carbon nanotubes (MCNT) is considered for the purpose of producing
dispersion-hardened composite material with elevated mechanical andtribological behavior to use as a binder for diamond cutting tools. The mode of
mixture of carbon nanotubes with initial powder binder is selected.The dependence of physical-mechanical properties of composite material on MCNT
content in a range of 0,01–3 % has been investigated. Theregularities of material compaction during cold pressing (P = 2; 3;and 4 t/cm2) and sintering (t = 800?950 °C, ?isotherm.precip. = 15?90 min) have been studied. Composite binders withoptimum MCNT content of 0,01 % are produced. The alloy
is characterized with increased mechanical properties: hardnessincreases by 9–11 HRB, three-point bending ultimate strength increases by100 MPa.
Key words: composite material,dispersion-hardened alloy, carbon nanotubes, diamond cutting tools.
REFRACTORY, CERAMIC, AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Myatiev A. A., Gosiyan A. V., Lukin E. S., Prokhorenkov D. S.,Pomadchik A. L.
Analysis of potential possibilities of nanotechnology for productionof competitive alumina ceramics
The analysis of modern investigation results in the field ofproducing nanocrystalline alumina ceramics has been carried out. The prospectsof creation of competitive nanocrystalline ceramics, considered from the pointof view of structure and process improvement during alloying, are shown
to be connected with the possibilities of ceramic powder activationin pressing and sintering at the expense of surface modification byprecipitated alloying components.
Key words: alumina ceramics, powdermodification, pressing, sintering
SURFACE MODIFYING, USING CHARGE-PARTICLE BEAMS, PHOTON AND PLASMAFLUXES
Kovivchak V. S., Panova T. V., Mikhailov K. A.
Formation of regular structures on metal surfaces in affectingpowerful ion beam of nanosecond duration
Formation of regular structures, microparticles on the surface ofpolycrystalline metals (magnesium, zinc, aluminum) has been investigated atfrequent
effect of powerful ion beams of nanosecond duration with currentdensity from 50 to 150 A/cm2
. The occurring relief space parameters, which are
within 8–40 ?m for the studied metals, have been determined.The size of particles created in forming the similar relief makes up from 0,1to 1,5 ?m.
The occurrence of regular structures is connected with theexcitation of capillary waves on the melt surface.
Key words: powerful ion beam, metals,superficial periodic structures.
NANO-STRUCTURED MATERIALS AND FUNCTIONAL COATINGS
Kameneva A. L.
Model of structural zones of TiN and TiAlN coatings formed by arcevaporation of metal in active gas media
The role of temperature and time conditions of ion cleaning isfound; the optimum process and temperature conditions of its carrying-outbefore
the Ti–Al–N based film formation at homological temperature nohigher than 0,22 Tm were identified. It is determined that, during thefilm deposition, every running process variable in the studied range rises, toa greater or lesser extent, the film temperature and affects its formationstage and
structurization process rate. For the qualitative description andprediction of the structural evolution of film depending on the technologic andtem-
perature parameters of preparation and deposition, integrated modelsof the structural zones of Ti–Al–N and TiN based films formed by arcevaporation are constructed.
Key words: model of structural zones,polycrystalline films, evolution of structure, temperature and processconditions, homological temperature, arc evaporation.
NANO-STRUCTURED MATERIALS AND FUNCTIONAL COATINGS
Fedotov A. F., Yermoshkin A. A., Amosov A. P., Lavro V. N., AltukhovS. I., Latukhin E. I.,
Smetanin K. S.
Production of vacuum-arc Ti–Al–N-coatings with the use ofmulti-component SHS-compacted cathodes
The results of experiments on application of vacuum-arcTi–Al–N-coatings with the use of aluminum-containing SHS-compacted cathodes onthe
basis of non-stoichiometric TiC0,5 titanium carbide are presented.The composition and morphology of the coatings have been studied by X-raymicroanalysis and SEM. Hardness and elastic modulus have been determined bynanoindentation. It is established that there is no carbon in the coatingcomposition, and aluminum fraction in it decreases as compared with its contentin the cathode material. Super-hard coating with nanohardness H = 59 GPaand Young modulus E = 475 GPa is produced from thecathode with calculated composition of TiC0,5–30%Al. In the extent of hardnessto
elastic modulus ratio, which is equal to H/E = 0,124,this coating is amorphous-nanocrystalline material. In using high-meltingnon-stoichiometric titanium carbide based cathodes, essential decrease in thecontent of the drop phase in the coatings without separation of plasma streamtakes place.
As a whole, application of many-component SHS-compactedcathodes on the basis of nonstoichiometric TiC0,5 titanium carbide allowsproducing
super-hard nanocrystalline coatings with the use of standard processand serial vacuum-arc plant.
Key words: nanocrystalline coatings,vacuum-arc deposition, SHS-compacted cathodes, nanohardness, elastic modulus,drop phase
NANO-STRUCTURED MATERIALS AND FUNCTIONAL COATINGS
Panov V. S., Shumenko V. N., Klimenko A. V.
Model of Si3N4 coating application process on hard alloys
The effect of process temperature, gas phase SiCl4/NH3 ratio, andgas mixture pressure on equilibrium transformation degree has beeninvestigated.
A mathematical model of the investigated dependence is selectedfor description of the experimental results and the equation coefficients arecalculated.
Key words: gas-phase coating, Si3N4silicon nitride, model.
APPLICATION OF POWDER MATERIALS AND FUNCTIONAL COATINGS
Razinskaya O. I., Alibekov S. Ya.
Manufacture of metal-fluoroplastic bearings with specifiedoperational properties
The work is devoted to the production process of specified-propertycomposite materials prepared of porous powdered materials. The hypersonicimpregnation technique of samples with infiltrative compositions at differentconcentrations, temperatures, and time is described. Calculation of oilabsorbability parameters is given. Physicomechanical properties of impregnatedsamples are studied compared with the products produced by the traditionalmethod. The produced materials have decreased friction coefficients(~ 1,25 times) and improvement in leak-tightness (samples withstood
pressure of 25 atm for 1 min). Metallographic analysis hasshown filling-up of pores in sintered samples with impregnating suspensions.The efficiency of the given process is substantiated for reaching the specifiedoperational properties of products.
Key words: bearing, porous powderedmaterial, addition agent infiltration, hypersonic impregnation, frictioncoefficient, leak-tightness, density.
INFORMATION
Andrievsky R. A.
Review of book A. Upadhyaya, G. S. Upadhyaya «Powder Metallurgy. Science,Technology and Materials»
